城镇居民生育二孩意愿及影响因素研究——以咸阳市为例.docx

摘要众所周知，人口问题密切关系着经济发展和社会进步，计划生育政策作为一项基本国策，在控制人口数量时，起着至关重要的作用。但近些年来，人口老龄化严重、出生性别比失调等问题日益凸显，为了解决这一系列问题，我国自从2016年起全面实施二孩新政。新政实施后，咸阳市城镇居民有怎样的生育意愿？影响生育意愿的因素到底有哪些？这些都将是本文研究的主要内容。本研究利用文献法、问卷调查法和统计分析法，对咸阳市城镇居民二孩生育意愿和影响因素做了研究。调查结果表明，咸阳市城镇居民二孩生育意愿为50%；二孩性别偏好较为淡化；儿女双全成为理想组合模式；经济条件成为影响生育意愿的主要因素；职业、城镇差异、受教育程度和居民年龄都对生育意愿有较大影响；觉得一个孩子太孤单，两个孩子可以形成伙伴关系，更有利于孩子成长，这是居民选择生育二孩的主要原因。二孩新政的实施势必会对教育、医疗等其他公共服务带来一定影响，为了提高实施效果，政府应加大政策宣传，落实基础建设，完善公共服务，合理调整人口发展趋势，促进社会和谐稳定发展！关键词：全面二孩;城镇居民;影响因素;生育意愿AbstractAsweallknow,thepopulationproblemcloselyrelatedtoeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Familyplanningpolicyasabasicnationalpolicy,incontrollingthepopulation,playsavitalrole,butinrecentyears,thepopulationagingisserious,thesexratioimbalanceandotherissueshavebecomeincreasinglyprominent.Inordertosolvethisseriesofproblems,Chinasince2016sincethefullimplementationofthetwochildrenNewDeal.AftertheimplementationoftheNewDeal,XianyangCity,urbanresidentshavewhatkindoffertility?Whatarethefactorsthataffectfertilitywillingness?Whichwillbethemaincontentofthisstudy.Inthisstudy,weuseliterature,questionnaireandstatisticalanalysistostudythefertilitywillingnessandinfluencingfactorsofurbanresidentsinXianyangCity.ThesurveyresultsshowthattheurbanresidentsofXianyangCity,twochildrenwillingtofertilityis50%;twochildrensexpreferenceismoredesalination,childrenbothbecometheidealcombinationmodel.Economicconditionsbecomethemainfactorsaffectingfertility,occupation,urbandifferences,educationandtheageofresidentshaveagreaterimpactonfertility.Thinkthatachildistoolonely,twochildrencanformapartnership,moreconducivetothegrowthofchildren,whichisthemainreasonfortheresidentschoosetogivebirthtotwochildren.Inordertoimprovetheimplementationeffect,thegovernmentshouldincreasethepolicypublicity,implementtheinfrastructure,improvethepublicservice,rationallyadjustthepopulationdevelopmenttrend,andpromotesocialharmonyandstability.Inordertoimprovetheimplementationofthepolicy,developmentof!Keywords:comprehensivetwochild;townsfolk;influencingfactors;fertilit