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高中英语名著Utopia（乌托邦）阅读素材（pdf）.pdf

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UTOPIAUTOPIAThomasMore1UTOPIAINTRODUCTIONSirThomasMore,sonofSirJohnMore,ajusticeoftheKing'sBench,wasbornin1478,inMilkStreet,inthecityofLondon.AfterhisearliereducationatSt.Anthony'sSchool,inThreadneedleStreet,hewasplaced,asaboy,inthehouseholdofCardinalJohnMorton,ArchbishopofCanterburyandLordChancellor.Itwasnotunusualforpersonsofwealthorinfluenceandsonsofgoodfamiliestobesoestablishedtogetherinarelationofpatronandclient.Theyouthworehispatron'slivery,andaddedtohisstate.Thepatronused,afterwards,hiswealthorinfluenceinhelpinghisyoungclientforwardintheworld.CardinalMortonhadbeeninearlierdaysthatBishopofElywhomRichardIII.senttotheTower;wasbusyafterwardsinhostilitytoRichard;andwasachiefadviserofHenryVII.,whoin1486madehimArchbishopofCanterbury,andninemonthsafterwardsLordChancellor.CardinalMorton--oftalkatwhosetabletherearerecollectionsin"Utopia"--delightedinthequickwitofyoungThomasMore.Heoncesaid,"Whoevershalllivetotryit,shallseethischildherewaitingattableproveanotableandrareman."Attheageofaboutnineteen,ThomasMorewassenttoCanterburyCollege,Oxford,byhispatron,wherehelearntGreekofthefirstmenwhobroughtGreekstudiesfromItalytoEngland--WilliamGrocynandThomasLinacre.Linacre,aphysician,whoafterwardstookorders,wasalsothefounderoftheCollegeofPhysicians.In1499,MoreleftOxfordtostudylawinLondon,atLincoln'sInn,andinthenextyearArchbishopMortondied.More'searnestcharactercausedhimwhilestudyinglawtoaimatthesubduingoftheflesh,bywearingahairshirt,takingalogforapillow,andwhippinghimselfonFridays.Attheageoftwenty-oneheenteredParliament,andsoonafterhehadbeencalledtothebarhewasmadeUnder-SheriffofLondon.In1503heopposedintheHouseofCommonsHenryVII.'sproposalforasubsidyonaccountofthemarriageportionofhisdaughterMargaret;andheopposedwithsomuchenergythattheHouserefusedtograntit.Onewentandtoldthekingthatabeardlessboy2UTOPIAhaddisappointedallhisexpectations.Duringthelastyears,therefore,ofHenryVII.Morewasunderthedispleasureoftheking,andhadthoughtsofleavingthecountry.HenryVII.diedinApril,1509,whenMore'sagewasal