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HazardousandToxicWaste有害有毒废弃物.pptx

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LearningoutcomesTopicsWhatisSolidWaste?TypesofSolidWastesHowDoYouManageSolidWaste?WastePreventionandSourceReductionRecyclingRecycledmunicipalsolidwastecomponentsRecycledmunicipalsolidwastecomponentsCommonlyrecycledplastics再生塑料Composting堆肥Whattypesofsolidwasteareproducedasaresultofpharmaceuticalproduction?ToxicityToxinsPlantToxins–didyouknow?PlantToxins–didyouknow?ToxinsinNature–didyouknow?Belladonna,strychnineandaconite:threeofthemostpoisonousplantsintheworld.OneofthesedeadlyalkaloidtoxinswasusedtomurderAlexandertheGreat.TypesoftoxicentitiesEnvironmentalToxinsDioxinsandFuransPCBs(Polychlorinatedbiphenyls)Hexachlorobenzene:HCBisaby-productfromchlorinegasandpesticideproduction.PesticidesPesticidesincludeDDTdichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(insecticide),toxaphene,chlordane,lindaneandHCH.InsecticidesincludeOrganophosphorusandcarbamatecompounds(anticholinesterasecompunds=nerveagents)andChlorinatedhydrocarbonsHeavyMetalsThemostcommonheavymetalsdisposedofbyindustryareMercury,Lead,Chromium,andArsenic.Heavymetalsarealsofoundnaturallyintheenvironment.BiomagnificationandBioaccumulationBiologicalMagnification生物放大processwherebysubstancesmoveupthefoodchain,worktheirwayintoriversorlakes,andareeatenbyaquaticorganismssuchasfishThefishinturnareeatenbylargebirds,animalsorhumans.ThesubstancesbecomeconcentratedintissuesorinternalorgansastheymoveupthechainE.g.pesticidesorheavymetalsBioaccumulants:substances物質thatincreaseinconcentrationinlivingorganisms增加濃度生物astheytakeincontaminatedair,water,orfoodWhydocertainsubstancesbio-accumulate?Theyareveryslowlymetabolized代謝orexcreted排泄.Bioaccumulation生物蓄積性occurswithinatrophiclevelandistheincreaseinconcentrationofasubstanceincertaintissuesoforganisms'bodiesduetoabsorptionfromfoodandtheenvironment由於從食物中吸收和環境Bioconcentration生物富集occurswhenuptakefromthewaterisgreaterthanexcretion從水中吸收大於排泄.Thusbioconcentrationandbioaccumulationoccurwithinanorganism,andbiomagnificationoccursacrosstrophic(foodchain)levels.FirstsynthesizedbyGermanchemistin1874Gulls,whichfeedo