大学英语四级-语法.ppt

时态复习时态非谓语动词非谓语动词-不定式动名词一)动名词的形式:二)动名词常考的点4)有些词后只能接动名词另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可prefer的用法：分词虚拟语气三种基本形式if的省略IfonlyIwishWouldratherItis(high)timethat…...It’simportantthat…...Iinsistthat这些动词和名词后的从句为should+VMysuggestion…...butfor,otherwise,without情态动词1.情态动词的一般用法：can/could与beableto用法比较1）beableto除有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时外，还可有现在完成时、不定式、动词-ing形式等。ThisistheinformationI’vebeenabletogetsofar.Tobeabletorideabike,shepracticedalot.Justbeingabletodriveahorse,acartisn’tmuchhelptous.2)could表示过去总的、经常性的能力；was/wereableto表示过去具体情况下具有的能力，并且做了某动作。HecouldspeakFrench,sohewasabletoshowtheFrenchladytheway.3)表示将来的能力常用willbeableto.Whenwillyoubeabletotakeustotown?(2)表示许可：can/could,may/might;can’t,maynot,mustn’t,mustnot(3)表示可能性：may/might,can/could,must;can’t（4）表示必须和需要：must,haveto,need3)need表示动作者“需要”、“有必要”，用于否定句或疑问句；肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。Needhegonow?Yes,hemust.Noheneedn’t.lneed常用作实义动词。Youneedtolearnthevalueoftime.Youdidn’tneedtotellhimthenews.Doessheneedtogo?（5）表示责任和劝告:should,oughtto,must,hadbetter（6）表示建议：shall，may/mightaswell,may/mightjustaswell(7)表示许诺：shall(8)表示意愿：shall,will/would2)will/would表示动作者愿意。Iwilllendyouthebookifyouneedit.Iwon’tdoitagain.Ihavebeentryingtoopenthedoor,butthekeywon’tturn.l“willyou/wouldyou…”在下列句中表示客气的建议、询问。Willyoupleasehaveadrink?Wouldyoupleasepassmethesalt?Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?lwould还表示过去的习惯。等于usedtoOnSundayshewouldgetupearlyandgofishing.(9)表示勇敢：dare2.情态动词的特殊用法2)should/oughtto+have+动词的过去分词。用于肯定句：评论过去“应该做”而实际并未做的动作，意为“本应该”。Ididn'taskher.It’sapity.Youshouldhaveaskedher.Yououghttohaveaskedeveryone.用于否定句：评论过去“不应该做”而实际做了的动作，意为“本不应该”。IonlytoldMike.Youshouldn'thavetoldanyone.Yououghtnottohavetoldanyone.3)needn’t+have+动词的过去分词对过去已经发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”。Ineedn’thaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty;mostoftheguestswerewearingjeans.Wewenttothemeeting,butithadbeencancelled.Oh,soyouneedn’thavegone.(2)情态动词+不定式进行时(3)情态动词+不定式完成进行时一致关系在Therebe句型中在倒装结构中.‘aswellas,nottomention,alongwith+名词’句子中下列不定代词或限定词