膨胀石墨的制备、性质和应用研究.doc

膨胀石墨的制备、性质和应用研究25昆明学院2015届毕业论文（设计）论文（设计）题目膨胀石墨的制备、性质和应用研究子课题题目无摘要膨胀石墨是由天然鳞片石墨经氧化、插层、水洗、千燥及高温膨胀而得到的一种疏松多孔的物质。膨胀石墨作为石墨深加工产品之一，在诸多领域有着广泛的应用。本文对膨胀石墨的制备方法、开发利用现状等的研究作了简单的介绍，概括性的介绍了膨胀石墨在密封材料，环保材料，电池，机械，医药，军事等各方面的应用情况，以及目前存在的问题，并展望了他们的发展前景。本文以电化学方法制备膨胀石墨以及它的性质和应用研究。采用电解法制备膨胀石墨，以浓硫酸为电解液，通过改变鳞片石墨的粒度以及控制电流和电解时间，制备了一系列的膨胀石墨。采用x射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱、x射线光电子能谱等手段对得到的膨胀石墨进行表征，获得它们的结构、形貌等相关信息。同时初步探讨了它的生成机理。以甲醛蒸气和氮氧化合物为气体目标吸附物，研究了膨胀石墨对气体的吸附行为。考察了膨胀石墨的合成条件和吸附条件对吸附效果的影响。将膨胀石墨与竹炭、活性炭吸附效果进行对比，并研究了膨胀石墨重复吸附的情况，为膨胀石墨作为吸附剂的工业应用提供参考依据。最后，对吸附的机理进行初步探讨。关键词:膨胀石墨；甲醛；氮氧化合物；材料；应用现状AbstractExpangdedgraphiteisaporousmaterialwhichisproducedbynaturalsquamagaphitebymeansofoxidation,inserting,watering,drynessandexpansion.Expandedgraphiteasgraphitedeepprocessingproducts,hasbeenwidelyusedinmanyfields.Thispapergivesabriefintroductionofthestudyonexpandedgraphitepreparationmethod,thepresensituationanddevelopment,introducedtheexpandedgraphiteinsealingmaterials,environmentalmaterials,battery,machinery,medicine,militaryandotheraspectsoftheapplication,andtheexistingproblems,andprospectsthefuturedevelopmentoftheir.Inthisthesis,ourworkwastosynthesizetheexpandedgraphitebyelectrochemistrymethodanditspropertiesandapplication.Theexpandedgraphitewassynthesizedbyelectrochemistrymethod.Therewasoperatedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofvariousfactorsincludingtheparticlesizeofnaturalgraphite,currentintensity,thereactiontimeontheintercalatedreactionandsoon.Inaddition,thestructureandapparentperformanceofexpandedgraphitegraphitewerestudiedbymeansofXRD,SEM,XPS,FI-IRandsoon.Thecreatingmechanismwasalsobediscussed.Theadsorptionofexpandedgraphiteonfomaldehydegasandnitrideoxideswasresearched.Atthesametime,theimpacteonadsorptiveeffectswerestudiedthedifferentprepareconditionsofexpangdedgraphiteandadsorptiveconditions.Theadsorptiveeffectsofexpandedgraphite,bamboocharcoalandactivatedcarbonswerecompared.Andthereuseeffectofadsorbentwasinvestigated.Theadsorptivemechanismwasalsobediscussed.KeywordsExpandedgrphite;Formaldehyde;Nitrideoxides;Material