基于GPS系统的测向定位研究.doc

摘要如今GPS系统已经广泛的应用于空中、陆地和海洋的定位与导航。GPS以其全球性、实时性、全天候连续、快速、高精度的导航/定位/授时功能，为全球用户提供服务。运用GPS载波相位技术对载体进行定向和测姿的研究开辟了一个新的GPS应用研究领域。本文针对双天线GPS接受机的载体姿态测定技术进行了探讨，在GPS载波相位测量载体姿态的理论基础上，设计了一种低成本、高灵活性的GPS测姿应用系统。本文一方面讲解了GPS系统的原理，GPS接受机的各个功能单元和GPS定位的基本原理。接着介绍了GPS载波相位测量的基本原理，及其在载体姿态测定中的应用。重点阐述了应用双天线载波相位测量解算载体姿态的差分模型算法和快速求解整周模糊度的新方法。在此基础上应用加拿大NovAtel公司的两块OEMV-1板卡和飞利浦公司的ARM7芯片给出了系统软、硬件实现方案。用C语言编写了卫星载波相位测量和星历参数等原始数据的接受、解算程序以及模糊度求解算法后的解决程序。最后通过姿态后解决程序对测得的卫星数据进行解算，得出了实验结果。结果表白该系统可以满足二维常规姿态测量的规定并具有较高的解算精度。关键词GPS；载波相位；姿态测定；整周模糊度；OEM；ARMAbstractCurrently,theGlobalPositioningSystem(GPShereafter)hasbeenwidelyusedintheair,landandmarinepositioningandnavigation.GPSprovidesservicesforcustomersallaroundtheworldasitsfunctionsofnavigation,positioningandtimingwithglobalization,realtimeperformance,allweather,fastspeedandhighprecision.TheresearchofattitudedeterminationexploresanewareainGPSapplicationbyusingGPScarrierphasemeasurement.Aimingatcarrierattitudedeterminationbythetwo-antennaGPSreceiver,thisthesisdiscussestheprincipleanddesignsamethodtomeasurethecarrierattitudebyusingtwo-antenna,withlowercostandhigherperformance.ThisthesisfirstlyexplainsthetheoryofGPSsystemandthepartsofGPSreceiver.Secondlythearticleintroducestheprincipleofdeterminationcarrierattitudeusingcarrierphase,especiallyputsfocusonthedifferentialmodelalgorithmusingtwo-antennacarrierphaseandfastambiguityresolutiontocomputethecarrierattitude.Thirdly,itisputforwardtheimplementationschemeofsystemsoftware/hardwarebyusingtheNovAtelOEMV-1receiverandthePhilipsARM7chipandtheClanguageprogramiscompiledtopickupthesatellitecarrierphasedata,ephemerisdataandotherdata,whichresolutestheambiguityfordatapostprocessing.Finally,theattitudesolutionprogramisgiventocalculatethedeterminationdata.Theexperimentalresultsdemonstratethatthesystemmeetsthecommonrequiredspecificationsandreachesahighprecisionresolution.KeywordGPS;CarrierPhase;AttitudeDetermination;IntegerAmbiguity;OEM;ARM目录摘要IAbstractIII第1章绪论11.1引言11.2国内外研究的现状及动态21.3课题的科学意义和应用前景41.4课题研究工作及论文重要内容4第2章GPS卫星导航定