高中英语定语从句详细讲解与练习题.pdf

高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ.概念：<1>定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词<antecedent>后面。<2>先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词短语或整个主句。<3>引导定语从句的词叫关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1>引导定语从句连接主句和从句相当于一个连词；2>必在从句中作某个句子成份〔可以做主语宾语表语定语状语常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、as在从句中作主语宾语whose定语>常用的关系副词〔在从句中只作状语:when、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy<whom>youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能〔做主语、宾语或状语；第三选择合适的关系词。Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：●that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语宾语表语。<指人时相当于who或whom；指物时相当于which><一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语>如：1/151.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?2.Youcantakeanything<that>youlike.3.Whatisthequestion<that/which>theyaretalkingabout?4.Hereistheman<who/whom/that>youwanttosee.5.She'snolongerthegirl<that>sheusedtobebefore.●which:指物；在定语从句中作主语宾语表语定语。如：1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.2.Thebook<which/that>Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.●whowhomwhose:who:主格在从句中作主语在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom:宾格在从句中作宾语;只可指人whose:属格在从句中作定语可指人也可指物。1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.2.Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.<代词如hetheyanythoseallone等后多用who.>3.He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman<whom/who/that>weshouldlearnfrom.4.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.5.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.关系代词作介词宾语：〔介词+whom/which关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时介词可放于从句之首也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.〔介词前置必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。