计算机专业英语教程(第5版)翻译完整版.pdf

.1.1ACloserLookattheProcessorandPrimaryStorage仔细看看处理器和主存储器Wehavelearnedthatallcomputershavesimilarcapabilitiesandperformessentiallythesamefunctionsalthoughsomemightbefasterthanothers.Wehavealsolearnedthatacomputersystemhasinputoutputstorageandprocessingcomponents;thattheprocessoristhe"intelligence"ofacomputersystem;andthatasinglecomputersystemmayhaveseveralprocessors.Wehavediscussedhowdataarerepresentedinsideacomputersysteminelectronicstatescalledbits.Wearenowreadytoexposetheinnerworkingsofthenucleusofthecomputersystem—theprocessor.我们已经知道所有的计算机都具有相似的能力并且在本质上执行相同的功能尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。我们也知道一个计算机系统具有输入输出存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部用被称作"位"的电子状态来表现数据现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心即处理器的内在的工作方式。Theinternaloperationofacomputerisinterestingbuttherereallyisnomysterytoit.Themysteryisinthemindsofthosewholistentohearsayandbelievescience-fictionwriter.Thecomputerisanonthinkingelectronicdevicethathastobepluggedintoanelectricalpowersourcejustlikeatoasteroralamp.计算机的内部操作很有意思但确实没有什么神秘可言。所谓的神秘只是存在于那些听信传闻和相信科幻小说作家的人的意识中。计算机就是一种没有思想的需要接通电源的电子1/47.设备而已与烤面包机和台灯差不多。Literallyhundredsofdifferenttypesofcomputersaremarketedbyscoresofmanufacturers[1].ThecomplexityofeachtypemayvaryconsiderablybutintheendeachprocessorsometimescalledthecentralprocessingunitorCPUhasonlytwofundamentalsections:thecontrolunitandthearithmeticandlogicunit.Primarystoragealsoplaysanintegralpartintheinternaloperationofaprocessor.Thesethree—primarystoragethecontrolunitandthearithmeticandlogicunit—worktogether.Let’slookattheirfunctionsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem.不加夸张地讲市场上有几百种不同类型的计算机在销售