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维管植物的运输.ppt

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Chapter36KeyConceptsAvarietyofphysicalprocesses(物理過程)areinvolvedinthedifferenttypesoftransport(眾多物理過程介入或參與不同型式的運輸)SelectivePermeabilityofMembranes:AReview膜的選擇通透性----各種膜系統TheCentralRoleofProtonPumps(質子唧筒)Figure36.4cEffectsofDifferencesinWaterPotential水勢差的效應Osmoticpressure(滲透壓)inanimalcellslowosmoticpressure=low[solute]=high[water]highosmoticpressure=high[solute]=low[water]Directionofmovingwaterlowosmoticpressure=low[solute]=high[water]highosmoticpressure=high[solute]=low[water]Isotonicsolution(等張溶液)、hypertonicsolution(高張溶液)、hypotonicsolution(低張溶液)HowSolutesandPressureAffectWaterPotentialQuantitativeAnalysisofWaterPotential(水勢)AquaporinProteinsandWaterTransportThreeMajorCompartments(區間)ofVacuolatedPlantCellsCellcompartments(細胞間隔)：同一細胞內Tissuecompartments(組織間隔)：不同細胞間FunctionsoftheSymplastandApoplastinTransportBulkFlowinLong-DistanceTransport長距離運輸的巨流Lateraltransport(側向運輸)ofmineralsandwaterinrootsTheRolesofRootHairsMycorrhizaeandCorticalCellsTheEndodermis:ASelectiveSentry(選擇性進入)FactorsAffectingtheAscentofXylemSapPushingXylemSap:RootPressure(根壓)PullingXylemSap:TheTranspiration-Cohesion-TensionMechanism(拉升木質液：蒸散作用內聚力-附著力-張力的作用機制)CohesionandAdhesionintheAscentofXylemSap(木質液上升時的凝聚力與附著力)水份在樹木中的上升作用XylemSapAscentbyBulkFlow:AReviewThecentralroleofstomataEffectsofTranspirationonWiltingandLeafTemperature(蒸散作用對萎凋與葉溫的影響)Stomata:MajorPathwaysforWaterLossGuardcells(保衛細胞)XerophyteAdaptationsThatReduceTranspiration旱生植物減少蒸散作用以適應環境Phloemsap(韌皮液)IsanaqueoussolutionthatismostlysucroseTravelsfromasugarsourcetoasugarsinkAsugarsource(糖的源頭)IsaplantorganthatisanetproducerofsugarsuchasmatureleavesAsugarsink(糖的儲存區)IsanorganthatisanetconsumerorstoreofsugarsuchasatuberorbulbFigure36.17aFigure36.17bVessel(xylem)Pressureflowhypothesis(壓力流假說)