3单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus).doc

单元语法小专题(GrammarFocus)语法精讲一、介词by的用法1．by表示方式、方法或手段后接名词或动名词意为“使用某物；靠；乘(车、船)等”。如：DoyoulearnEnglishbyreadingaloud？你通过大声读来学习英语吗？Ioftengotoschoolbybike.我经常骑自行车去上学。2．by表示时间意为“到……时(为止)；在……以前；不迟于”。如：[来源:Zxxk.Com]Ihavetogotobedbyteno'clock.我必须十点前睡觉。3．by表示地点或位置意为“靠近；在……旁边”。如：Theboyoftenreadsbooksbytheriver.这个男孩经常在河边读书。4．by表示移动的方向意为“从……旁边经过”。如：Hewalkedbymewithoutsayinganything.他从我旁边经过什么也没有说。5．by表示根据意为“按照”。如：Whattimeisitbyyourwatch？你的手表几点了？6．by表示被接触身体的某一部分。如：Shetookmebythehand.她拉着我的手。二、动名词用法小结1．动名词在句中作主语动名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。此时也可以用it作形式主语而把真正的主语后置。如：Gettingupearlyisgoodforyourhealth.→It'sgoodforyourhealthtogetupearly.早起对你的健康有益。2．动名词在句中作宾语动名词在句中作宾语时一般放在某一及物动词或介词之后充当这一动词或介词的宾语。(1)后接动名词作宾语的及物动词：finishenjoykeepstand(忍受)suggestadvisepracticemindimagine等。如：ThetouristsenjoystayinginKunmingalltheyearround.游客们喜欢一整年都待在昆明。Doyoumindopeningthewindow？你介意打开窗户吗？(2)动名词可作介词的宾语包括以介词结尾的动词短语如takepartinbegoodat等。如：ManyyoungpeopletookpartinplantingtreesonTreePlantingDay.很多年轻人在植树节那天参加植树活动。[来源:学&科&网]语法精练[来源:1]Ⅰ.选词填空。1．Hermothergoestoworkby(on/by)buseverymorning.2．ThetwokidspracticespokenEnglishby(by/with)joiningtheEnglishclub.3．Watching(Watch/Watching)moviesisapopularwayformanypeopletorelax.4．Asweknowit'snotpolitetokeepotherswaiting(wait/waiting)foralongtime.5．Janecomeinandsitby(between/by)me.Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6．Doyouoftenmemorizenewwordsbymaking(make)vocabularylists?7．Canyoufinishdoing(do)yourhomeworkbeforenineo'clock?8．Don'tworryaboutmaking(make)mistakeswhenyoutalktoforeignersinEnglish.9．Helping(help)eachotheratschoolisawaytoimproveourfriendship.[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]10．Wehaveworkedforthreehours.Let'sstopworking(work)andhavearest.Ⅲ.根据汉语提示用by的相关短语完成句子每空一词。[来源:Zxxk.Com]11．IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotapes(通过听磁带)．12．Henrywassittingovertherebythewindow(在窗户旁)．13．Shallwegobytrain(乘火车)?14．Thetreesbytheriver(沿河)