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基于struts框架的WEB应用.docx

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基于struts框架的WEB应用 Introduction Strutsisanopen-sourceframeworkmainlyusedforbuildingJavawebapplications.ItisoneofthemostpopularframeworksforcreatingwebapplicationsinJava.StrutsisbasedontheModel-View-Controller(MVC)architecturepattern,whichseparatesthebusinesslogicfromthepresentationlayer.Thisseparationofconcernshelpsinbuildingscalableandmaintainableapplications. Inthispaper,wewilldiscussthebasicsofStrutsandhowitcanbeusedforbuildingwebapplications.WewillalsodiscussthearchitectureofStruts,itscomponents,anditsadvantagesoverotherwebframeworks.Finally,wewilllookatanexampleofawebapplicationbuiltusingStrutstodemonstrateitsusageinreal-lifescenarios. StrutsBasics Strutscameintoexistencein2000asaninitiativebyCraigMcClanahan.ItwasdonatedtotheApacheSoftwareFoundation(ASF)in2001andbecameanApacheproject.Struts1.x,releasedin2001,becamehighlypopularandwaswidelyusedtodevelopJavawebapplications.Struts2.x,releasedin2007,isthelatestversionandisstillactivelymaintainedandusedbydevelopers. StrutsfollowstheMVCarchitecturepatternandprovidesaframeworkforbuildingthedifferentlayersofanapplication.TheModelisresponsibleforrepresentingthedataandthebusinesslogic,theViewisresponsibleforpresentingthedatatotheuser,andtheControllerisresponsibleforhandlingrequestsandconvertingthemintoactions. ThearchitectureofStrutsisbuiltontopofJavaServerPages(JSP),JavaServlets,andJavaBeans.JSPpagesareusedastheViewlayer,ServletsconducttheControllerlayer,andBeansmanagetheModellayer.Strutsprovidesasetofreusablecomponentsthatcanbeusedtobuildwebapplications,suchasvalidation,databinding,anderrorhandling. StrutsComponents Strutsframeworkismadeupofseveralcomponentsthatworktogethertobuildawebapplication.SomeoftheimportantcomponentsofStrutsare: 1.ActionServlet:Itisthefront-controlleroftheStrutsframework.ItreceivesandprocessesallincomingrequestsandforwardsthemtotheappropriateActionclass. 2.Actionclass:Itisresponsibleforhandlingtheincomingrequestsandgeneratingaresponse.TheActionclassconsistsoftwomethods:execute()method,whichprocess