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重楼属系统发育与生物地理学研究.docx

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重楼属系统发育与生物地理学研究 Introduction ThegenusTetrastigma(Miq.)Planch.exHook.f.&Thomson,commonlyknownasChinesegrapevine,belongstothefamilyVitaceae.Thisgenuscomprisesapproximately100species,mostofwhicharedistributedinAsia,Africa,andthePacificislands.Thegenushasbeendiverseinmorphologyandecology,withspeciesrangingfromvinestoshrubsandtree-likeforms.Theyarewidelyusedintraditionalmedicine,andtheirfruitsareedible.Amongthem,thespeciesTetrastigmahemsleyanum(Dunn)AiryShawisawell-knowntraditionalmedicinalplantinChina,anditsrootsandstemshavebeenusedforthetreatmentofvariousdiseasesforcenturies. Systematics ThetaxonomyofTetrastigmahasbeenconfusingandhasundergonemanyrevisions.ThegenuswasfirstestablishedbyMiq.in1858andwaslaterexpandedbyPlanchonandHookerf.&Thomson.Sincethen,severaldifferenttaxonomictreatmentshavebeenproposedbasedondifferentmorphologicalfeatures,includingleafmorphology,pollen,andfruitcharacteristics.However,differentstudieshaveshownthatthemorphologicalcharactersarelimitedandinsufficienttofullyunderstandthephylogeneticrelationshipsinthegenus.Withthedevelopmentofmolecularbiologytechniques,moreandmoreresearchershaveusedDNAsequencedatatoexploretherelationshipbetweenspecieswithinTetrastigma. ThefirstphylogeneticanalysisofTetrastigmawascarriedoutbyWenetal.in2013,basedonthreechloroplastgeneregions(matK,rbcL,andtrnL-F)andthenuclearITSregion.TheresultsshowedthatTetrastigmaisamonophyleticgroupandthatitissistertothegenusVitis.Inaddition,twomajorcladeswereidentifiedwithinTetrastigma,oneconsistingmostlyofspeciesfrommainlandAsiaandtheothermainlycontainingspeciesfromthePacificislands.However,therelationshipswithineachcladewerepoorlyresolved. In2020,amorecomprehensivephylogeneticstudywasconductedbyWangetal.basedonmultipleDNAmarkers(nuclearITSandthreechloroplastDNAregions:matK,trnL-F,andpsbA-trnH).Thisstudysampled68speciesrepresentingthemajorityofthediversityinTetrastigma.Theresultsrevealedtheexistenceofsixmajorclades,withstrongsupportformostofthem.Amongthem,thelargestclade(cladeVI)includesmo