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《新编简明英语语言学教程》.ppt

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ACourseonLinguistics戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》（网络下载，调整修改中）TheGoalsforthisCourseTheRequirementsforthiscourseReferenceBooksChapter1.Introduction1.Whatislanguage?LanguagecanmeanSapir’sdefinition(1921)Hall’sdefinition(1968)Chomsky’sdefinition(1957)LanguagecanbegenerallydefinedasLanguageisasystemLanguageisarbitraryLanguageissymbolicinnatureLanguageisprimarilyvocalLanguageishuman-specificThedesign/definingfeaturesofhumanlanguage(CharlesHockett)ArbitrarinessProductivity/creativityDuality(doublearticulation)DisplacementCulturaltransmissionFunctionsoflanguageTheoriginoflanguage许国璋先生认为把语言定义成交际工具不够科学,至少不够严谨.他对语言的定义做了如下概括:语言是一种符号系统.2.Whatislinguistics?FourprinciplesoflinguisticstudiesThescopeormajorbranchesoflinguisticsTheoreticallinguisticsUseoflinguisticsSomeotherapplicationsSomeimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsDescriptivevsprescriptiveSynchronicvsdiachronicSpeechvswritingLanguevsparole(F.deSaussure)Competenceandperformance(Chomsky)TraditionalgrammarvsmodernlinguisticsChapter2PhonologyPhoneticsThreebranchesofphoneticsArticulatoryphoneticsSpeechorgans:threeimportantareasThediagramofspeechorgansOrthographicrepresentationofspeechsoundsSomemajorarticulatoryvariablesClassificationofEnglishspeechsoundsClassificationofconsonantsThemannerofarticulationTheplaceofarticulationTheplaceofarticulationThedescriptionofEnglishconsonantsClassificationofvowelsMonophthongsorpure/singlevowelsAccordingtotheopennessofthemouthThediagramofsinglevowelclassificationbyapplyingthetwocriteriasofarmentioned:AccordingtotheshapeofthelipsorthedegreeofliproundingAccordingtothelengthofthevowelsDiphthongs/glidingvowelsExercises:underlinethewordsthatbeginwithasoundasrequired.Underlinethewordsthatendwithasoundasrequired:Underlinethewordsthatcontainthesoundasrequired:Describetheunderlinedconsonantsaccordingtothreedimensions:PhonologyPhonetics&phonologyPhone,phoneme,allophonePhonePhonemeAllophonePhonemiccontrast,complementarydistributionandminimalpair.PhonemiccontrastComplementarydistributionMinimalpairSomerulesofphonologySe