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WebSpam技术研究综述(英文).docx

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WebSpam技术研究综述(英文) Introduction WebSpamisamalicioustechniquethataimstodeceivesearchenginesbymanipulatingitsalgorithmstoranklow-qualitywebsiteshigherinsearchresults.TheemergenceofsearchengineshasledtothebirthofWebSpam.ThepurposeofthispaperistoprovideacomprehensiveoverviewandanalysisofWebSpamtechniques. WebSpamTechniques WebSpamcanbegenerallycategorizedintothreemainphases:WebCrawling,IndexingandRanking. 1.WebCrawling WebCrawlingreferstotheprocessofsearchinganddiscoveringURLsforfurtherextractionoftheircontents.SeveralWebSpamtechniquescanbeappliedduringtheWebCrawlingphase: (i)Cloaking:Thistechniqueisusedtodisplaydifferentversionsofwebpagestosearchenginesanduserstomanipulatesearchresults.Thecontentpresentedtothesearchenginespiderisdifferentfromwhattheusersees. (ii)Doorwaypages:Thesepagesaredesignedspecificallyforsearchengines,nothumans,andcontainmanyspamkeywordsandlinkstolow-qualitywebsites. (iii)Linkfarms:Linkfarmsarenetworksofwebsitesthatcontainnumerousunrelatedlinkstoothersitessolelytoincreasethelinkedsites’rankingsonsearchengines. 2.Indexing Indexingistheprocessofaddingcrawledwebpagestothesearchengine'sdatabase.ThefollowingWebSpamtechniquesareappliedduringtheIndexingphase: (i)DuplicateContent:Thistechniqueinvolvescopyinganentirewebpageorpartsofitandspreadingittomultiplesources,resultinginmultiplepagescontainingthesamecontent. (ii)KeywordStuffing:Thistechniqueinvolvesoverusingkeywordsinanexcessiveamountonwebpages,resultinginlower-qualitycontent. 3.Ranking Rankingistheprocessofprioritizingsearchengineresultsandplacingthemaccordingtotheirrelevance.ThefollowingWebSpamtechniquesareappliedduringtheRankingphase: (i)LinkSpamming:Thistechniqueinvolvescreatingmultiplehyperlinksleadingtoawebsiteregardlessoftheirrelevance. (ii)HiddenText:Thistechniqueinvolveshidingthetextbyusingthesamecolorasthebackgroundormakingthefontsizeverysmall. (iii)Clickbait:Thistechniqueinvolvescreatingsensationalheadlinestolurereaderstoclickalink,leadingtoinorganictraffic. Conclusion WebSpamtechniquescan