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电子动力学及相干辐射的强场调控与阿秒探测——强场与阿秒物理领域中的重大课题研究进展.docx

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电子动力学及相干辐射的强场调控与阿秒探测——强场与阿秒物理领域中的重大课题研究进展 Introduction: Thestudyofintenselaser-matterinteractionsisarapidlydevelopingfieldwithintherealmofphysics.Recentdevelopmentsinthefieldofultrafastlasershaveallowedforexperimentalinvestigationoftheelectrondynamicsinatomsandmoleculesinrealtime.Strong-fieldlaserphysicshasawiderangeofapplications,fromthedevelopmentofhigh-energyparticleacceleratorstothestudyofultrafastchemicalreactions.Attosecondscience,ontheotherhand,hasemergedasanewbranchofresearchthatdealswiththegenerationandmanipulationoflightpulsesshorterthananopticalcycle.Inthispaper,wediscusstherecentadvancesinthestudyofintenselaser-matterinteractionsandattosecondscience.Inparticular,wefocusonthemanipulationofstrong-fieldlaserphysicstoproducecoherentradiationandtheuseofattosecondlasersastoolstostudyultrafastelectrondynamics. Strong-FieldLaserPhysics: Whenanatomormoleculeisexposedtoanintenselaserfield,itundergoescomplex,nonlineardynamicsthatresultintheemissionofradiation.Oneofthemostimportantaspectsofstrong-fieldlaserphysicsisthegenerationofhigh-harmonicradiation.Thistypeofradiationisproducedwhenhigh-energyelectronsaredrivenbythelaserfieldtooscillateatfrequenciesmuchhigherthanthatofthelaserfield.Theresultingradiationisacoherentsuperpositionofhigh-frequencyphotonsthatcanbeusedforavarietyofapplications,includingultrafastspectroscopyandimaging. Recentadvancesinthedevelopmentofhigh-powerlasersystemshaveallowedfortheproductionofhigh-energy,ultrashortlaserpulses,whichcangeneratehigh-harmonicradiationintheextremeultraviolet(XUV)andsoftX-rayregions.Thesesourceshaverevolutionizedthefieldofattosecondscience,allowingfortheinvestigationofultrafastelectrondynamicsontheattosecondtimescale. CoherentRadiation: Coherentradiationcanbeproducedusingavarietyoftechniques,includingopticalparametricamplification(OPA)andhigh-harmonicgeneration(HHG).OPAisusedtoamplifyaweaksignalbeambycouplingitwithastrongpumpbeaminanonlinearcrystal.HHG,ontheotherhand,isaprocessinwhichhigh-energyelectronsareionizedandth