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用MELCOR程序分析600MWe核电厂乏燃料水池失去厂内外电源严重事故 Introduction Nuclearpowerisawidelyusedsourceofelectricityaroundtheworldanditisveryimportanttoensurethesafetyoftheplantsthatproduceit.Inthispaper,wewillexaminethepotentialconsequencesofasevereaccidentinthespentfuelpoolofa600MWenuclearpowerplantthathaslostbothonsiteandoffsitepower.TheanalysiswillbeconductedusingtheMELCORcode,whichisawidelyusedsoftwaretoolthatcansimulateavarietyofaccidentscenariosinnuclearpowerplants. Background Thespentfuelpoolisanimportantcomponentofanuclearpowerplant,asitisusedtostorethefuelthathasbeenusedinthereactor.Thespentfuelemitsasignificantamountofradiation,soitmustbekeptunderwatertopreventitfromoverheatingandreleasingradioactivematerialintotheenvironment.Insomecases,thespentfuelpoolmaycontainmoreradioactivematerialthanthereactorcoreitself.Therefore,alossofcoolinginthespentfuelpoolcanleadtoseriousconsequences. ScenarioDescription Inthisscenario,wewillconsidera600MWenuclearpowerplantthathaslostbothonsiteandoffsitepower.ThissituationiscalledaStationBlackout(SBO)anditisoneofthemostsevereaccidentsthatcanoccurinanuclearpowerplant.DuringanSBO,theplant'semergencydieselgenerators(EDGs)shouldstartautomaticallytoprovidepowertothesafetysystems.However,iftheEDGsfailtostartorrunoutoffuel,theplantwillbeleftwithoutanyelectricalpower. Theinitialconditionsofthescenarioareasfollows: •Reactorpowerisat100%. •Thespentfuelpoolcontains10years'worthofspentfuel. •Emergencycoolingofthespentfuelpoolhasfailed. •Theplanthaslostbothonsiteandoffsitepower. MELCORsimulations UsingtheMELCORcode,wewillsimulatetheSBOscenarioandanalyzeitspotentialconsequences.MELCORisabest-estimatecodethatcansimulateawiderangeofaccidentscenariosinnuclearpowerplants. TheMELCORsimulationsshowthatthetemperatureinthespentfuelpoolwillstarttoriserapidlyassoonasthecoolingsystemsfail.Withoutthecoolingsystems,thewaterinthepoolwillstarttoboilandthewaterlevelwillbegintodrop.Theradioactivematerialinthespentfuelrodswillstarttoheatupandmayeventuallycatchfire. TheMELCORsimu