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环境库兹涅茨曲线假说存在适应性的评价研究.docx

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环境库兹涅茨曲线假说存在适应性的评价研究 Introduction EnvironmentalKuznetsCurve(EKC)theorywasfirstintroducedbySimonKuznetsinthe1950s,whichhypothesizedthateconomicgrowthwillincreaseenvironmentaldegradationatthefirststageofeconomicdevelopment,butwilleventuallydecreaseitwhenthelevelofincomereachesacertainthreshold.Thistheorysuggeststhatinitially,economicdevelopmentleadstoincreasedpollutionandenvironmentaldamage,butwhenanationreachesacertainlevelofindustrializationandeconomicgrowth,environmentaldegradationdecreases.TheEKCtheoryhasbecomeapopularareaofresearchinrecentyears,withscholarsquestioningthevalidityandapplicabilityofthehypothesisindifferentpartsoftheworld.ThispaperwillevaluatetheadaptabilityoftheEKCtheoryindifferentregionsanditsenvironmentalimplications. TheEnvironmentalKuznetsCurvehypothesis TheEnvironmentalKuznetsCurvehypothesissuggeststhatenvironmentaldegradationinitiallyincreasesasaresultofeconomicdevelopment,butstartstodeclineafteracertainlevelofincomeisachieved.TherelationshipbetweenenvironmentalqualityandeconomicdevelopmentfollowsaninvertedU-shapedcurve,andthepeakpointofthecurvesignifiesthehighestlevelofenvironmentaldegradationattheturningpointofdevelopment.Accordingtothetheory,countrieswithlowGDPtendtoprioritizeproductionandindustrializationoverenvironmentalprotection;theincreasedproductionandindustrializationleadtoenvironmentalpollutionanddegradation.Asthecountryprogresses,environmentalpoliciesandregulationsareestablishedtoregulatethelevelofpollutionanddegradation,andenvironmentalqualityimproves.Thetheoryassumesthateconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotectionarenotmutuallyexclusive,andultimately,economicdevelopmentwillimproveenvironmentalquality. AdaptationoftheEKCtheoryindifferentregions TheEKCtheoryhasbeenappliedtovariousregions,andtheresultshavebeenmixed.SeveralstudieshaveshownthattheEKChypothesishasheldindevelopedcountries,suchastheUSandEurope.Forinstance,astudybyDasguptaandMäler(2003)ontheimpactofeconomicgrowthoncarbondioxideemissionsindevelopedcountriesfoundthattheEKChypot