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关于GPS水准高程拟合原理与方法的探讨.docx

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关于GPS水准高程拟合原理与方法的探讨 Abstract ThedevelopmentofGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)hasrevolutionizedgeodeticmeasurements.TheGPStechnologyhasmadeitpossibletodeterminetheGPSheightofapointonEarth'ssurfacetoahighdegreeofaccuracy.However,theaccuracyofGPS-derivedheightsisaffectedbyseveralfactors,includingtheEarth'sgravityfield,theheightreferencesystem,andthegeodeticmodelused.ThispaperexplorestheprincipleandmethodofGPSlevelingfitting,includingtheuseofgeopotentialnumbers,heightdatumtransformation,andlevelingnetworkadjustment. Introduction GPShasbecomeoneofthemostefficientandaccuratetechniquesforheightdetermination.GPSheightmeasurementscanbeobtainedfromthedifferencebetweentwoGPSobservations,oneataroverstationandtheotheratareferencestation.However,GPSheightmeasurementsaresubjecttovariouserrors.ThemostsignificantsourceoferroristheeffectoftheEarth'sgravityfield.TheGPS-derivedheightisdefinedasthedistancebetweentheantennaphasecenterofthereceiverandthegeodeticreferencesurfaceorellipsoid.Therefore,anadjustmentmustbemadetotheGPS-derivedheighttoobtaintheorthometricheightorGeoidalHeight.TheprinciplesandmethodsofGPSlevelingfittingarediscussedinthispaper. PrinciplesofGPSleveledfitting TheprincipleofGPSlevelingfittingistotransformtheGPS-derivedheighttoorthometricheightorGeoidalheight.ThetransformationisaccomplishedbyaddingthedifferencebetweenthegeopotentialnumbersoftheGPSreferencestationandtheroverstation.ThegeopotentialnumberisameasurementoftheEarth'sgravityfield,whichvarieswithheightandlatitude.Therefore,thegeopotentialnumbercanbeusedtotransformtheGPS-derivedheighttoorthometricheight.ThegeopotentialnumberiscalculatedfromthegravityfieldmodelbycombiningthegravitationalattractionoftheEarth'smasswiththecentrifugalforcecausedbytheEarth'srotation.Thegeopotentialnumberisafunctionoflatitude,longitude,andheight,anditisexpressedinm^2/s^2. MethodsofGPSleveledfitting ThetransformationofGPS-derivedheighttoorthometricheightrequirestheuseofaheightdatumtransformationmethod.Theheightdatumtransformationistheproce