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三维机器视觉中图象匹配的几种摄象机几何模型和误差分析(英文).docx

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三维机器视觉中图象匹配的几种摄象机几何模型和误差分析(英文) Introduction Inrecentyears,three-dimensional(3D)machinevisionhasbecomeanimportanttechnologyinmanyareas,suchasrobotics,automationsystems,andqualitycontrol.Oneofthecrucialprocessesin3Dmachinevisionisimagematching,whichaimstoestablishcorrespondencesbetweenpointsintwoormoreimages.Theperformanceofimagematchingsignificantlydependsontheaccuracyofthecamerageometrymodelsandtheerrorsintroducedduringtheimageacquisitionprocess.Inthispaper,wediscussseveralcamerageometrymodelscommonlyusedin3Dmachinevisionandthecorrespondingerroranalysis. CameraGeometryModels PinholeCameraModel Thepinholecameramodelassumesthatlightrayspassthroughasinglepoint(thepinhole)andprojectanimageontoaflatsurface(theimageplane).Thismodelissimpleandeasytoimplementbuthaslimitationsinthecaseofrealcamerasduetodistortionscausedbylensaberrations.Therefore,morerealisticmodelsarerequiredtoimprovetheaccuracyofimagematching. BasicCameraModel(CentralProjectionModel) Thebasiccameramodel,alsoknownasthecentralprojectionmodel,takesintoaccounttheopticalcenterofthecameraandintroducesafocallengthparameterthatdescribesthedistancebetweentheopticalcenterandtheimageplane.Theprojectionofapointin3Dspaceontotheimageplaneisdeterminedbyaperspectivetransformationmatrix.Thebasiccameramodelassumesnolensdistortion,andtheimageplaneisparalleltothecamera'sprincipalaxis.Thismodeliswidelyusedinapplicationssuchasphotogrammetry,3Dreconstruction,andstereovision. RectilinearProjectionModel Therectilinearprojectionmodelisamorerealisticmodelthattakesintoaccounttheimagedistortionscausedbylensaberrations.Themodelassumesthattheimageplaneisperpendiculartothecamera'sprincipalaxis,andtheprojectionofapointin3Dspaceisdeterminedbyapolynomialtransformationthatdescribestheradialandtangentialdistortions.Therectilinearprojectionmodeliswidelyusedinapplicationswherehighaccuracyisrequired,suchasmedicalimageanalysis,industrialinspection,andcomputervision. Fish-eyeProjectionModel Thefish-eyeprojectionmodelisanon-linearmodelthattakesinto