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自旋轨道耦合的二维电子气中自旋输运的研究(英文).docx

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自旋轨道耦合的二维电子气中自旋输运的研究(英文) ResearchonSpinTransportinTwo-DimensionalElectronGaswithSpin-OrbitCoupling Introduction: Spintronicsisafieldofresearchthatusesspinofelectronsforinformationprocessingandtransfer.Thistechnologyrequiresamechanismthatcancontrolthespinofelectronsandalsotransportthemefficiently.Oneofthemechanismsutilizedisspin-orbitcoupling,whichcanleadtointerestingspintransportphenomena.Inthispaper,wewillfocusonstudyingthetransportofspininatwo-dimensionalelectrongaswithspin-orbitcoupling. TheoreticalBackground: Inatwo-dimensionalelectrongas(2DEG)withspin-orbitcoupling,thespinsoftheelectronsbecomecoupledwiththeirmomentum.Thiscouplingarisesduetotherelativisticeffectofelectronsmovinginthepresenceofanelectricfield.TheHamiltonianforanelectronina2DEGwithspin-orbitcouplingcanbewrittenas: H=(p^2/2m)+α(pxσy-pyσx) Here,pisthemomentumvectoroftheelectron,misitsmass,αisthecouplingconstant,andσxandσyarethePaulimatricesthatrepresentthespinoftheelectron.Thetermα(pxσy-pyσx)representstheinteractionbetweentheelectronspinanditsmomentum. Whenaspin-polarizedchargecurrentflowsinthe2DEG,itgivesrisetoaspinaccumulationattheedgesofthesample.Thisspinaccumulationcanbemeasuredexperimentallyusingatechniquecalledspin-resolvedtransport.Thesizeanddirectionofthespinaccumulationaredeterminedbythestrengthanddirectionofthespin-orbitcouplingconstantα,thegeometryofthesample,andthemagnitudeanddirectionofthechargecurrent. ResultsandDiscussion: Thespintransportpropertiesof2DEGwithspin-orbitcouplinghavebeenstudiedtheoreticallyandexperimentally.Thespintransportin2DEGdependsonseveralfactorssuchasthestrengthofthespin-orbitcoupling,thecarrierdensity,thegeometryofthesample,andthetypeofmaterialused. Ithasbeenshownthatinasystemwithstrongspin-orbitcoupling,thespinlifetimecanbeenhancedduetothesuppressionofspinscatteringbythestrongcoupling.Thiscanleadtoanincreaseinthespintransportefficiency.Thedirectionofspintransportcanalsobecontrolledbythegeometryofthesample,suchasthepresenceofaconstrictionorabendinthestructure.Add