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Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept. First- and Higher Order Factor Models.pdf

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PsychologicalBulletinCopyright1985bytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationInc.1985Vol.97No.3562-5820033-2909/85/S00.75ApplicationofConfirmatoryFactorAnalysistotheStudyofSelf-Concept:First-andHigherOrderFactorModelsandTheirInvarianceAcrossGroupsHerbertW.MarshDennisHocevarUniversityofSydneyUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaSydneyNewSouthWalesAustraliaThepurposeofthisarticleistodemonstratetheapplicationofconfirmatoryfactoranalysis(CFA)intestingfirstandhigherorderfactormodelsandtheirinvarianceacrossindependentgroups.TheseanalyseswereperformedwithintheLISRELframeworkdevelopedbyJoreskogandSorbom(Joreskog1969197019711981;Joreskog&Sorbom1983).LISREL(linearstructuralrelations)isastatisticaltoolforanalyzingcovariancematricesaccordingtosystemsofstructuralequations.DatafromastudydesignedtotestShavelson's(Shavelson&Bolus1982;ShavelsonHubner&Stanton1976)theoreticalpredictionsaboutthestructureofself-conceptwereusedinthedemonstration.Theadvantagesofconfirmatoryfactoranalyticproceduresintheanalysesofhigherorderfactormodelsandfactorialinvarianceareillustratedanddiscussed.Issuesandproblemsencounteredintheanalysesarealsodiscussedandnewsolutionstosomeoftheseareproposed.Thepurposeofthisstudyistodemonstrateadolescentchildrenfromfourgradelevels.theapplicationofconfirmatoryfactoranalysisThesedatawerecollectedtotestShavelson's(CFA)intestingfirstandhigherorderfactormodelofself-concept(Shavelson&Bolusmodelsandtheirinvarianceacrossindepen-1982;Shavelsonetal.1976).Themodeldentgroups.Theseanalyseswereperformedprovidesatheoreticaldefini