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同步辐射X-射线和中子衍射在储能材料研究中应用（英文）.docx

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同步辐射X-射线和中子衍射在储能材料研究中应用（英文） Inrecentyears,theuseofhigh-energysynchrotronradiationX-rayandneutrondiffractiontechniqueshassignificantlycontributedtotheresearchofenergystoragematerials.Thesetechniqueshaveenabledresearcherstostudythestructuralandfunctionalpropertiesofmaterialswithhighprecisionandinrealtime,thusadvancingthedevelopmentofmoreefficientandeconomicalenergystoragedevices. OneoftheapplicationsofsynchrotronradiationX-raydiffractionisinthestudyofelectrodematerialsusedinlithium-ionbatteries.Bysubjectingtheelectrodestodifferentcharginganddischargingcycles,researcherscanobservechangesinthecrystalstructureofthesematerialsanddeterminetheirimpactonthebattery'sperformance. Anotherareawheresynchrotronradiationhasshownpromisingresultsisinthestudyofhydrogenstoragematerials.Thesematerialsareusedinfuelcellapplicationsandrelyontheabilityofmetalhydridestoreversiblyabsorbandreleasehydrogengas.ByusingsynchrotronradiationX-raydiffraction,itispossibletomonitorthestructuraltransformationsofthesemetalhydridesandoptimizetheirperformance. InadditiontoX-raydiffraction,neutrondiffractionisalsoapowerfultoolforstudyingenergystoragematerials.Neutronshaveauniqueabilitytopenetratedensematerials,makingthemsuitableforstudyingtheatomicandmolecularstructureofmaterialsthatarenoteasilypenetrablebyX-rays. Oneoftheapplicationsofneutrondiffractionisinthestudyofmaterialsusedinprotonexchangemembranefuelcells.Byusingneutrondiffractiontostudythewaterdistributionwithinthemembranematerials,researcherscanunderstandhowthemembraneperformsunderdifferentconditions,includingtemperatureandhumidity. Anotherareawhereneutrondiffractionisusefulisinthestudyofsupercapacitors.Supercapacitorsareusedtostoreelectricalenergyandrequirematerialswithhighsurfaceareaandhighconductivity.Byusingneutrondiffractiontostudythestructureofcarbon-basedmaterialsusedinsupercapacitorelectrodes,researcherscanoptimizetheperformanceofthesedevices. Overall,synchrotronradiationX-rayandneutrondiffractiontechniqueshaveproventobeinvaluableinthestud