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欧洲合同法原则英文.docx

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THEPRINCIPLESOFEUROPEANCONTRACTLAW PreparedbytheCommisiononEuropeanContractLaw 1999textinEnglish CHAPTER1:GENERALPROVISIONS Section1:ScopeofthePrinciples Article1:101:ApplicationofthePrinciples (1)ThesePrinciplesareintendedtobeappliedasgeneralrulesofcontractlawintheEuropeanUnion. (2)ThesePrincipleswillapplywhenthepartieshaveagreedtoincorporatethemintotheircontractorthattheircontractistobegovernedbythem. (3)ThesePrinciplesmaybeappliedwhentheparties: (a)haveagreedthattheircontractistobegovernedby"generalprinciplesoflaw",the"lexmercatoria"orthelike;or (b)havenotchosenanysystemorrulesoflawtogoverntheircontract. (4)ThesePrinciplesmayprovideasolutiontotheissueraisedwherethesystemorrulesoflawapplicabledonotdoso. Article1:102:FreedomofContract (1)Partiesarefreetoenterintoacontractandtodetermineitscontents,subjecttotherequirementsofgoodfaithandfairdealing,andthemandatoryrulesestablishedbythesePrinciples. (2)ThepartiesmayexcludetheapplicationofanyofthePrinciplesorderogatefromorvarytheireffects,exceptasotherwiseprovidedbythesePrinciples. Article1:103:MandatoryLaw (1)Wherethelawtherwiseapplicablesoallows,thepartiesmaychoosetohavetheircontractgovernedbythePrinciples,withtheeffectthatnationalmandatoryrulesarenotapplicable. (2)Effectshouldneverthelessbegiventothosemandatoryrulesofnational,supranationalandinternationallawwhich,accordingtotherelevantrulesofprivateinternationallaw,areapplicableirrespectiveofthelawgoverningthecontract. Article1:104:ApplicationtoQuestionsofConsent (1)TheexistenceandvalidityoftheagreementofthepartiestoadoptorincorporatethesePrinciplesshallbedeterminedbythesePrinciples. (2)Nevertheless,apartymayrelyuponthelawofthecountryinwhichithasitshabitualresidencetoestablishthatitdidnotconsentifitappearsfromthecircumstancesthatitwouldnotbereasonabletodeterminetheeffectoftheparty’sconductinaccordancewiththesePrinciples. Article1:105:UsagesandPractices (1)Thepartiesareboundbyanyusagetowhichtheyhaveagreedandbyanypracticetheyhaveestablishedbetweenthemselves. (2)Th