应用化学专业英语万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译.docx

Unit1TheRootsofChemistry
I.Comprehension.
1.C2.B3.D4.C5.B

II.Makeasentenceoutofeachitembyrearrangingthewordsinbrackets.
Thepurificationofanorganiccompoundisusuallyamatterofconsiderabledifficulty,anditisnecessarytoemployvariousmethodsforthispurpose.
Scienceisanever-increasingbodyofaccumulatedandsystematizedknowledgeandisalsoanactivitybywhichknowledgeisgenerated.
Life,afterall,isonlychemistry,infact,asmallexampleofchemistryobservedonasinglemundaneplanet.
Peoplearemadeofmolecules;someofthemoleculesinpeoplearerathersimplewhereasothersarehighlycomplex.
Chemistryiseverpresentinourlivesfrombirthtodeathbecausewithoutchemistrythereisneitherlifenordeath.
Mathematicsappearstobealmostashumankindandalsopermeatesallaspectsofhumanlife,althoughmanyofusarenotfullyawareofthis.

III.Translation.
(a)chemicalprocess(b)naturalscience(c)thetechniqueofdistillation
Itistheatomsthatmakeupiron,water,oxygenandthelike/andsoon/andsoforth/andotherwise.
Chemistryhasaverylonghistory,infact,humanactivityinchemistrygoesbacktoprerecordedtimes/predatingrecordedtimes.
Accordingto/Fromtheevaporationofwater,peopleknow/realizedthatliquidscanturn/be/changeintogasesundercertainconditions/circumstance/environment.
Youmustknowthepropertiesofthematerialbeforeyouuseit.

IV.Translation
化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三步是：（I）物理进化（化学元素的产生），（II）化学进化（分子和生物分子的形成）；和（III）生物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。

V.Solution:
（1）Therelativemassof1Hand12Catomscanbecalculatedfromtheirabsolutemassesingrams.

Ifthemassofa12Catomisexactly12amu,thenthemassofa1Hatomtofivesignificantfiguresmustbe1.0078amu.
12amux0.083986=1.0078amu

（2）
Firstwecalculatekandthenusethefirst-orderrateequation.

Thebonewastossedaway(moreprecisely,theanimalwhosebonewasdied)about6100yearsago,orabout4100B.C.Wecanthusbesurethatavillagewasinexistenceatthatplaceatthattime.

Unit7TheNomenclatureofInorganicSubstances
I.Comprehension
1.A2.B3.C4.C5.B
II.Givethesystematicnameforthefollowing
ammoniumion;copper(=2\*R