从含铂废催化剂中回收贵金属.docx

摘要
本文介绍了从废催化剂中回收贵金属铂的国内外现状、意义，回收方法和具体的实验过程。本实验采用的废催化剂样品为PS-VI废剂，催化剂载体为Al2O3,含铂量为0.25-0.4%。目前，从Al2O3载体废催化剂中回收铂通常采用以下3种处理方法：溶解铂金属法、溶解载体法和载体-铂金共溶法。本实验采用溶解载体法，其工艺过程包括精制部分和粗制部分。废催化剂经过灼烧、硫酸溶解、过滤、反复的硫化沉铂和王水溶解、球磨细化等操作过程，得到高纯铂。该方法的原理：硫酸能溶解Al2O3载体，过程中会有少量的铂溶于硫酸，而在反应后的溶液中加入Na2S溶液，只有溶解的铂与其发生反应生成沉淀，而铝离子不反应，但铂溶于王水生成H2PtCl6，再加入NH4Cl溶液生成（NH4）2PtCl6沉淀，该沉淀不溶于水和乙醇，并且经高温煅烧形成海绵铂。本实验经过反复实验确定了适用于实验及工业生产的实验方法和反应条件，获得产品纯度高，大大提高了回收率。本实验具有操作简单，反应条件容易控制，回收率及纯度高等优点和消耗酸量大等缺点。
关键词：废催化剂，贵金属，铂。焙烧，回收

Abstract
Thisarticledescribestherecoveryofplatinumfromspentcatalystsinlandandabroadthecurrentsituation,thesignificancemethodsofrecyclingandspecificexperimentalprocedures.ThespentcatalystsamplesusedinthisexperimentisPS-VIwasteagent,andcatalystsupportisAl2O3,andthecontentofplatinumis%.Atpresent,platinumrecoveryfromthespentcatalystofAl2O3carrierusuallyusesthefollowingthreemethods:dissolvedplatinumlaw,dissolvethecarriermethodandcarrier-platinumdissolutionmethod.Inthisstudy,thedissolvedcarriermethodisused,anditsprocessincludesthecrudepartandtherefinedpart.Spentcatalystafterburning,sulfuricaciddissolution,filtration,repeatedthevulcanizationsinkplatinumandaquaregiadissolution,millingrefinementoperationtoobtainhigh-purityplatinum.Theprinciple:thesulfuricacidcandissolveAl2O3carrier,andthereisasmallamountofplatinumdissolvedinsulfuricacid,however，inthereactionsolutionbyaddingNa2Ssolution,onlythedissolutionofplatinumreacttogenerateprecipitation,andaluminumionsdonotreact,butplatinumisgeneratedofH2PtCl6whendissolvedinaquaregia,thenaddNH4Clsolutiontogenerate(NH4)2PtCl6precipitation,andtheprecipitateisinsolubleinwaterandethanol,andtheformationofspongeplatinumwhenfiredathightemperature.Inthisstudy,theexperimentalmethodandreactionconditionsfortheexperimentalandindustrialproductionisdeterminedafterrepeatedexperiments,andtheobtainedproductsisofhighpurity,anditgreatlyimprovedtherecoveryrate.Thisexperimentissimple,thereactionconditionsareeasytocontrol,andrecoveryandhighpurityadvantagesandconsumptionofacidlargeamoun