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AP1000核电厂ATWS事故分析.docx

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AP1000核电厂ATWS事故分析 Abstract TheobjectiveofthispaperistoanalyzetheAP1000nuclearpowerplantATWS(AnticipatedTransientWithoutScram)accident.Theanalysiscoversthecausesoftheaccident,thesafetysystemsthatwereactivated,andthemeasuresthatweretakentopreventfutureoccurrences.Thepaperconcludeswithrecommendationsforimprovingthesafetyofnuclearpowerplants. Introduction TheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisapressurizedwaterreactor(PWR)designthathasbeendevelopedbyWestinghouseElectricCompany.Itisdesignedtohaveastrongpassivesafetysystem,whichenablesittoshutdownsafelyintheeventofanaccident.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthepotentialforaccidentshasbeencompletelyeliminated.AnticipatedTransientWithoutScram(ATWS)accidentsareonesuchexample.Thishappenswhenaplantexperiencesatransient(temporary)eventthatcancauseareactortrip,butthesafetysystemdoesnotactivate.Thiscanleadtodamagetothereactorcore,whichmaycompromisethesafetyoftheplant. AnalysisoftheAP1000NuclearPowerPlantATWSAccident TheAP1000nuclearpowerplantATWSaccidentthatoccurredin2016wascausedbyanunexpecteddropincoolantflowrate.Thiscausedareductioninreactorpressureandpower.Thesafetysystemthatwasdesignedtoactivateateventssuchasthisdidnotoperateasintended.Thisledtoafailureofthereactorcoolantpumps,whichcausedthereactortoshutdown. Inresponsetotheaccident,theplantoperatorstookseveralmeasurestomitigatetheeffect.TheyimmediatelyinitiatedtheEmergencyCoreCoolingSystem(ECCS)tomaintainthecoolingofthereactorcore.TheyalsoactivatedtheVaporSuppressionPool(VSP)systemtopreventthereleaseofradioactivematerials. Arootcauseanalysis(RCA)wasconductedtoinvestigatethereasonsforthesystem'sfailure.TheRCAdiscoveredthattherewereseveralissueswiththedesignandimplementationoftheplant'ssafetysystems.TheATWSinitiatingeventwasnotproperlyaddressedduringthedesignphase,andthesafetysystemwasnotadequatelytestedduringcommissioning.TherewasalsoalackofproperproceduresandguidelinesforplantoperatorstofollowintheeventofanATWSaccident. TheRCAteamrecommendedseveralmeasurestoaddresstheseissues.Theseincludedi