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材料近终成形制造技术的最新进展 Introduction: Therecentprogressinmaterialnearnetshapemanufacturingtechnologyhasrevolutionizedthemanufacturingindustryinwaysneverseenbefore.Thisrevolutionarytechnologyhasofferedmanufacturerstheopportunitytoproducematerialstonearcompletionwithminimalfinishing.Thispaperdiscussesthelatestadvancementsinmaterialnearnetshapemanufacturingandtheirimpactonthefutureofmanufacturing. Body: 1.AdditiveManufacturing Additivemanufacturing,alsoknownas3Dprinting,isatechnologythatcreatespartsandcomponentslayerbylayertogenerateathree-dimensionalobject.Thistechnologyisconsideredoneofthemostadvancednearnetshapemanufacturingprocessesavailabletoday. Thistechnologyhasmanybenefits,includingtheabilitytoproducecomplexdesignsthatwerepreviouslyimpossibletomanufacture.Itisalsocost-effective,withminimalmaterialwastage,reducedprocessingtimes,andtheeliminationofassemblyprocesses. Moreover,theuseofadvancedmaterialsin3Dprintinghasfurtherrevolutionizedthenearnetshapemanufacturingprocess.Withthistechnology,manufacturerscanproducecomponentswithsuperiorstrength,wearresistance,andheatresistance. 2.PowderMetallurgy Powdermetallurgyisareliableandcost-effectivenearnetshapemanufacturingtechniqueusedtoproducehigh-strength,complexmetalandceramiccomponents.Thismanufacturingprocessinvolvesmixingthemetalorceramicpowderwithabindingagent,compactingthemixtureintoanearnetshape,andthensinteringthecomponenttoachievethedesiredstrengthanddimensionalaccuracy. Theprocessoffersmanufacturersseveraladvantages,includingtheabilitytoproducepartswithintricateshapes,highstrength,andfavorablemechanicalproperties.Theprocessalsoreduceswaste,lowerscosts,andimprovesleadtimes. Despiteallthebenefits,powdermetallurgystillhassomechallenges,suchasachievingporosity-freematerialswithuniformdensityandimprovedmechanicalperformance.However,withtheadvancementinprocessingtechnology,thesedifficultiesarebeingovercome,makingpowdermetallurgyincreasinglypopularinthemanufacturingindustry. 3.LaserCladding Lasercladdingisahigh-precision,nearn