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全球价值链视角下中美贸易失衡与利益结构研究.docx

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全球价值链视角下中美贸易失衡与利益结构研究 Title:TheResearchonChina-USTradeImbalanceandBenefitStructurefromaGlobalValueChainPerspective Introduction: ThetraderelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateshasbeenasubjectofbotheconomicandpoliticalsignificance.Inrecentyears,therehasbeengrowingconcernaboutthetradeimbalancebetweenthetwocountriesanditsimplicationsfortheirrespectiveeconomies.Thisresearchaimstoanalyzethereasonsbehindthetradeimbalanceandexaminethebenefitstructureforbothcountries,consideringtheglobalvaluechainperspective.Byunderstandingthedynamicsoftheglobalvaluechain,wecangainvaluableinsightsintothetradepatternsandtheopportunitiesandchallengesfacedbybothnations. 1.TheConceptofGlobalValueChain: Theglobalvaluechainreferstotheactivitiesinvolvedintheproductionprocessofaproduct,whichcanbespreadacrossdifferentcountriesandinvolvesmultiplestages.Eachstageaddsvaluetotheproduct,andthesestagesareinterconnectedthroughtrade.Byunderstandingtheglobalvaluechain,wecanidentifythecomparativeadvantagesofdifferentcountriesinspecificstagesoftheproductionprocess. 2.TradeImbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates: ChinahasbeenamajorexporterofmanufacturedgoodstotheUnitedStates,resultinginasignificanttradedeficitfortheUnitedStates.Severalfactorscontributetothistradeimbalance: a)ComparativeAdvantage:China'slowerlaborcostsandlargemanufacturingbasehavemadeitacompetitiveplayerintheglobalmarket.Manylabor-intensivemanufacturingprocesseshaveshiftedfromtheUnitedStatestoChina. b)ExportProcessing:Chinesefirmsoftenengageinexportprocessingactivities,wheretheyimportintermediategoodsfromothercountries,addvaluethroughmanufacturing,andthenexportthefinishedgoods.ThisprocesscontributestothetradeimbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateswhenthevalueofexportedgoodsisrelativelyhigherthantheimportedintermediategoods. c)ExchangeRatePolicies:Chinahasbeenaccusedofmanipulatingitsexchangeratetomaintainexportcompetitiveness,whichhascontributedtothetradeimbalancewiththeUnitedStates. 3.BenefitStructureforChinaandtheUnitedStates: Thetradeimbala