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高应力软岩巷道蠕变控制机理及支护技术.docx

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高应力软岩巷道蠕变控制机理及支护技术 Abstract Softrockisatypeofrockthatcanexperiencehighlevelsofstressanddeformationinundergroundmining.Softrocktunnelsconstructedintheseconditionscanbesusceptibletocreep,whichcanleadtoinstabilityandrockfailures.Therefore,itisnecessarytounderstandthecreepmechanismofsoftrocksanddevelopsupporttechnologiestoensurethesafetyofundergroundmining.Thispaperwilldiscussthecreepmechanismofsoftrocksandthecontrolmethodsofcreepdeformationinsoftrocktunnels.Additionally,itwillexplorethekeyfactorsthataffecttheeffectivenessofsupporttechnologiesandthefutureresearchdirectionsinthisfield. 1.Introduction Softrockisatypeofrockthathaslowmechanicalstrength,highporosityandpermeability,andrelativelysmallelasticmodulus.Softrockscanbefoundincoalmines,potashmines,saltmines,andotherundergroundminingprojects.Tunnelsconstructedinsoftrocksarevulnerabletocreepdeformation,whichisatime-dependentprocessthatinvolvestheaccumulationofdeformationunderconstantstress. Creepdeformationcancauseinstabilityandcollapseofrockmasses,posingapotentialthreattothesafetyofundergroundmining.Therefore,itisessentialtodevelopeffectivesupporttechnologiestocontrolthecreepdeformationofsoftrocktunnels.Inthispaper,wewillanalyzethecreepdeformationmechanismofsoftrocks,discussthesupporttechnologiesforsoftrocktunnels,andprovideinsightintothefutureresearchdirectionsinthisfield. 2.CreepDeformationMechanismofSoftRock Thecreepdeformationmechanismofsoftrocksisatime-dependentprocessthatinvolvestheaccumulationofdeformationunderconstantstress.Creepdeformationiscausedbytherearrangementofmineralgrainsandthebreakingofintergranularbondsunderstress.Thisresultsinthegradualmovementofgrainsandtheaccumulationofdeformationintherockmass. Thecreepdeformationofsoftrockscanbecharacterizedbythefollowingstages: (1)Theprimarystage:Duringthisstage,nosignificantdeformationoccurs.Theprimarycreeprateisveryslow,andthedeformationisproportionaltothelogarithmoftime. (2)Thesecondarystage:Duringthisstage,accelerateddeformationoccurs.Thestrainrateincreases