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藻类植物在水体污染中的研究进展.docx

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藻类植物在水体污染中的研究进展 Title:ResearchProgressontheRoleofAlgaeinWaterPollution Introduction: Waterpollutionisasignificantglobalenvironmentalissuethataffectsaquaticecosystemsandhumanhealth.Itiscausedbythedischargeofvariouspollutantsintowaterbodies,suchasindustrialandagriculturalwaste,untreatedsewage,andexcessivenutrients.Amongthediverserangeoforganismsaffectedbywaterpollution,algaeplayacrucialroleinthiscontext.Algaeareagroupofphotosyntheticorganismsthatinhabitvariouswaterbodies,includingfreshwater,marine,andbrackishenvironments.Thispaperaimstoprovideanoverviewoftheresearchprogressontheroleofalgaeinwaterpollution,highlightingtheirresponses,capabilities,andpotentialapplicationsinwaterqualitymanagement. EffectsofPollutiononAlgalCommunities: Waterpollutioncanprofoundlyimpactalgalcommunitiesbyalteringtheirgrowth,composition,andfunctionality.Elevatednutrientlevels,particularlynitrogenandphosphorus,cantriggerexcessivealgalgrowth,leadingtoharmfulalgalblooms(HABs).Thesebloomscandisruptthenaturalbalanceofecosystems,depletedissolvedoxygen,andproducetoxinsthatareharmfultoaquaticorganismsandhumans.Inaddition,industrialanddomesticpollutants,suchasheavymetalsandorganiccompounds,canbioaccumulateinalgaeandinducephysiologicalandbiochemicalchanges,affectingtheiroverallhealthandproductivity. AlgalResponsestoPollution: Algaehavedevelopedvariousadaptivestrategiestocopewithpollutantsintheirenvironment.Onesuchmechanismistheproductionofextracellularpolymericsubstances(EPS),whichactasaprotectivebarrieragainsttoxinsandpollutants.EPScanbindheavymetals,organiccompounds,andhydrophobicsubstances,reducingtheirbioavailabilityandpotentialtoxicity.Additionally,algaepossessenzymaticsystems,includingantioxidantenzymes,thathelpthemdetoxifyandeliminatepollutants.Theseadaptiveresponsesinalgaeindicatetheirpotentialinmonitoringandremediatingwaterpollution. RoleofAlgaeinWaterQualityManagement: Algaehaveimmensepotentialforwaterqualitymanagement,offeringseveralbeneficialservices.Inwastewatertreatment,algaecanefficientl