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石墨烯纳米条带的电子输运性质研究(英文).docx

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石墨烯纳米条带的电子输运性质研究(英文) ResearchonElectronicTransportPropertiesofGrapheneNanoribbons Graphene,amonolayerofcarbonatomsarrangedinatwo-dimensionalhexagonallattice,hasattractedagreatdealofattentionduetoitsexcellentelectrical,mechanical,andthermalproperties.Graphenenanoribbons(GNRs),narrowstripsofgraphenewithawidthofafewnanometers,areexpectedtohaveuniqueelectronicpropertiesandpromisingapplicationsinelectronicandoptoelectronicdevices.Inthispaper,wewillreviewtherecentprogressontheelectronictransportpropertiesofGNRs. Firstly,thebandstructureofGNRsisstronglydependentontheirwidthandedgegeometry.GNRswitharmchairedgeshaveasemiconductingbehavior,whilezigzagGNRsexhibitametallicbehavior.TheelectronicbandgapofarmchairGNRsdecreasesasthewidthincreases,andeventuallyvanishesforwidthsabove10nm.Incontrast,zigzagGNRshaveasmallbandgapthatdoesnotvarymuchwiththewidth.TheedgeroughnessofGNRscanalsoaffecttheirelectronicproperties.IthasbeenreportedthatGNRswithsmoothedgeshavealargerbandgapandahighercarriermobilitythanthosewithroughedges. Secondly,thetransportpropertiesofGNRsarestronglyinfluencedbydefects.Variousdefectssuchasvacancies,adatoms,andgrainboundariescandramaticallyaltertheelectronicandmagneticpropertiesofGNRs.Forexample,asinglevacancyinGNRscanleadtotheappearanceofmidgapstates,andeffectivelyreducethebandgap.TheintroductionofadatomsorfunctionalgroupscanalsomodifytheelectronicpropertiesofGNRs.Forinstance,byadsorbingahydrogenatomonacarbonatominGNRs,thebandgapcanbeeffectivelyopened,whichenablestheapplicationofGNRsinfield-effecttransistors. Thirdly,theelectronictransportpropertiesofGNRshavebeenstudiedbyvarioustheoreticalandexperimentalmethods.Theoreticalcalculationsbasedonfirst-principlescalculationsandtight-bindingmodelshavepredictedtheelectronicandtransportpropertiesofGNRs,suchasthebandgap,theconductance,andthecarriermobility.Ontheotherhand,experimentalstudieshavemeasuredtheconductanceandthemobilityofGNRsbyvarioustechniques,suchasscanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM),conductiveatomicforcemicroscopy