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铝合金激光焊接工艺研究.docx

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铝合金激光焊接工艺研究 1.Introduction Aluminumalloyiswidelyusedinvariousindustrialfieldsduetoitsexcellentmechanicalproperties,suchashighstrength-to-weightratio,goodcorrosionresistance,andgoodthermalconductivity.Inordertomeettheincreasingdemandforlightweightandhigh-performanceproducts,theweldingtechnologyofaluminumalloybecomesincreasinglyimportant.Laserweldingisarelativelynewtechnologyforweldingaluminumalloys,whichhasreceivedalotofattentioninrecentyearsduetoitsadvantages,suchashighenergydensity,highweldingspeed,andlowheatinput.Inthispaper,theresearchprogressoflaserweldingtechnologyforaluminumalloyswillbereviewed. 2.Weldabilityofaluminumalloys Theweldabilityofaluminumalloysisinfluencedbyvariousfactors,suchasalloycomposition,surfacequality,andweldingprocess.Aluminumalloyscanbeclassifiedintotwogroupsaccordingtotheirweldability:weldablealloysandunweldablealloys.Theweldablealloysincludethe1xxx,3xxx,5xxx,and6xxxseries,whichhavegoodweldabilityduetotheirlowmeltingpointandgoodthermalconductivity.Theunweldablealloysincludethe2xxxand7xxxseries,whichhavepoorweldabilityduetotheirhighmeltingpointandhighsensitivitytohotcracking. 3.Laserweldingprocess Laserweldingisahigh-power-densityweldingprocessthatusesalaserbeamastheheatsource.Thelaserbeamisfocusedontotheworkpiecesurfacetoproduceasmallandintensespot,whichmeltsthematerialandformsaweldjoint.Thelaserweldingprocesscanbeclassifiedintotwotypes:keyholeweldingandconductionwelding.Keyholeweldingisgenerallyusedforthickmaterials,whileconductionweldingisusedforthinnermaterials. 4.Factorsaffectinglaserweldingquality Thelaserweldingqualityofaluminumalloysisaffectedbyvariousfactors,suchaslaserpower,weldingspeed,shieldinggas,andfillerwire.Thelaserpoweraffectsthedepthandwidthoftheweld,anditshouldbeadjustedaccordingtothethicknessofthematerial.Theweldingspeedaffectstheheatinputandthecoolingrate,anditshouldbeadjustedtopreventdistortion.Theshieldinggasisusedtoprotectthemoltenpoolandpreventoxidation,anditshouldbeselectedappropriatelyaccordingtothealloycompositi