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水稻不同品种对Cd吸收累积的差异和机理研究.docx

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水稻不同品种对Cd吸收累积的差异和机理研究 Title:DifferencesinCadmiumAccumulationamongDifferentRiceVarieties:MechanismsandImplications Abstract: Cadmium(Cd)pollutioninagriculturalsystemsposesasignificantthreattohumanhealthandenvironmentalsustainability.Rice,asoneofthemostwidelyconsumedstaplecrops,playsacrucialroleinCdintakebyhumans.UnderstandingthedifferencesinCdaccumulationamongdifferentricevarietiesisessentialfordevisingeffectivestrategiestominimizeCdexposure.ThispaperaimstoreviewtheexistingresearchonCdaccumulationinriceandelucidatethemechanismsunderlyingthevariationsobservedamongdifferentricevarieties. Introduction: Riceisknowntohaveahigherabilitytoaccumulateandtranslocateheavymetals,includingCd,fromsoiltograinscomparedtoothercrops.Cd,ahighlytoxicheavymetal,canhaveseverehealthimpactsonhumanswhenconsumedthroughcontaminatedrice.Therefore,itiscrucialtocomprehendthevariationsinCdaccumulationamongdifferentricevarietiesandidentifythemechanismsthatdrivethesedifferences. Methods: ThepresentstudyreviewedpublishedliteratureonCdaccumulationinriceandmechanismsofCduptakeandtransportwithinriceplants.ThespecificfocuswasonstudiesthatcomparedCdaccumulationindifferentricevarietiesundersimilarexperimentalconditions. Results: StudieshaveshownsignificantvariationsinCdaccumulationamongdifferentricevarieties.SomevarietiesexhibithigherCdaccumulationingrains,whileothersshowloweraccumulation.FactorsinfluencingCdaccumulationinriceincludegeneticvariations,rootmorphology,transporters,andsoilproperties.Ithasbeenobservedthathigh-Cd-accumulatingvarietiesoftenpossesshigherCduptakerates,greaterrootsurfacearea,andlongerroothairs.ThisfacilitatesgreaterCdrootuptakeandsubsequentlytranslocationtotheabovegroundplantparts,particularlygrains. MechanismsofCdAccumulationinRice: 1.Uptakemechanisms:Cduptakeinriceplantsoccursmainlythroughrootuptake.Roothairs,rhizosphereexudates,andmycorrhizalassociationscaninfluenceCduptakeefficiency.ThetransporterproteinsZIP/OsIRT1,NRAMP/OsNRAMP5,andOsHMA2playacrucialroleinCduptakebyroots. 2.Tra