机械 专业英语.docx

Chapter1
Thetranslationcanbedefinedasfollows:thetranslationisanactoraprocess,whichisthateverythingexpressedoutbyonelanguageisre-expressedoutbyanotherlanguageaccuratelyandsmoothly.Infact,thetranslationisaprocessofrecreationonthebasisofcomprehending【(消化)理解原文】theoriginal.
一1.classification（分类）oftranslation2.standard（标准）oftranslation
3.characteristics(特点)ofEST（科技英语）（linguistic语言structure结构features特点）
二1.Thetranslationcanbeclassifiedasthefollowing:
Bythecharacteroflanguageforeignlanguage→nativelanguage(本族语)→motherlanguage(母语)
Bythemeansoftranslation(translator) 统指
interpretation（interpretor）特指，口译
(3)BythecontentoftranslationPoliticalcoments政论literatureandart文艺
Scienceandtechnology科技praticalwriting实用写作，应用文
2.（1）faithfulness忠实Thetranslationmustcorrectlytransmit（传达）thecontentoftheoriginal.(原文的内容)
（2）smoothness(通顺)Thetranslationmustbereadclearlyandfluentlyandconformto(遵守，符合)thecriterion（规范）.
{Thestandardoftranslationisboththeyardstick（尺度）measuringthequalityoftranslationandthecriterion（准则）instructing(指导)thepracticeoftranslation.}此句为翻译标准作用的阐述
3.ThelinguisticstructurefeaturesofESTcanbedescribedasfollow:
(1)largelyusesubstantivestructure(名词性结构)
(2)frequentlyuseinfiniteverbs(非限定动词)
Infinitive动词不定式gerund动名词participle分词
widelyusepassivesentence(被动句)
oftenseerearmodifiedattribute(后置定语)pastparticiplephrase过去分词短语
attributiveclause定语从句
expressfigure（数字）andnegative（否定）invariousforms
oftenuselonganddifficultsentences
beaccustomed(习惯于)tousingcompound(复合词)andabbreviation（缩写词）

AstheChineseoldsayinggoes,Boxingcan’tdisponsewiththehand,norsongsthemouth.拳不离手曲不离口。
AstheEnglishwell-knownsayinggoes,Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess.
Astheproverbis,Aworkmenmustfirstsharpenhistoolsifheistodohisworkwell.工欲善其事必先利其器。
Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.机会是留给有准备的人的。
Theatmosphereofteachingandlearningisthelifelineofteachingquality.
教风与学风是教学质量的生命线。
Chapter2
CAD/CAM(1)abbreviation缩写(2)aid→assist→help帮（辅、援、协、救）助
(3)CAD→computer-AidedDesign→computer-AidedDiagnosis诊断(4)CAM→Computer-AidedManufactur