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DistributedAirborneArray ConceptsINTRODUCTION Radarperformanceinnoiseandjammingisa monotonicfunctionofthepower-apertureproduct[1, 21.Thispaperevaluatestheimprovementinradar performanceduetoincreasingtheaperturesizeofair- borneradarbydistributingantennaelementsorsmall subarraysthroughoutlargeportionsoftheskinofan aircraft.Theperformancemeasureadoptedissignal BERNARDD.STEINBERG,Fellow,IEEEtoreceivernoiseratio(SNR)anditsequivalent,detec- ELIYADIN,StudentMember,IEEEtionrangeoftargetsinnoise. ValleyForgeResearchCenterThecriticaltechnicalproblemisthatofovercom- ingthedistortioninsuchaphasedarrayduetothe nonrigidityoftheskinandairframe.Thisproblemis introducednot TheimprovementinSNRanddetectionrangedueto(butsolved)inthepaper,andadiscus- sionofotherdifficulttechnicalproblemsispresented. distributinganantennaarraythroughouttheairframeandskinofTheproblemofnonrigiditymustbeovercomebya anaircraftisexamined.SNRformulasforthreesystemconfigura-retrodirective[3,41,self-adaptivetechnique[5,6,7] tionsarepresentedandcomparedwiththatofaconventional,baseduponechoesfromlandorseaclutter. moaostaticradar.ExamplesgiveninthepapershowdetectionInadditiontoenhancedSNRanddetectionrange, rangeincreasesaslargeasafactorof4.Threeadditionalpotentialincreasingthesizeoftheaperturetoincludeallor advantagesofthedistributedarrayareanincreaseinspatialsignalmostoftheairframeofferstheadvantagesassociated processingcapability,animprovementinazimuthalresolution,andwithsmallbeamwidth. apotentialreductionintransmitterpowerforfixedradarperfor-Oneimportantadvantagehastodowithprotec- mancesoastoreducetheprobabilityofintercept.tionagainstjammersthatareclosetotheaxisofthe beam.Rejectionofjammingenergybylowsidelobe designoradaptivetechniquessuchascoherentside- lobecancellationandadaptivenulling[8-12]are knownandusefultechniques.Mainlobejamming, however,isnotsuppressedwithouthazardingthesup- pressionoftargetreturn.Increasingthesizeofthe aperturereducesthewidthofthemainlobeand therebyreducestheminimumangularseparationbe