语言学(语料库).ppt

GoodafternoonoutlineCorporaarethemainknowledgebaseincorpuslinguistics.

Corpuslinguisticsdealswiththeprinciplesandpracticeofusingcorpora(usuallyisthepluralofcorpus)inlanguagestudy.
语料库语言学考察语言研究中语料库运用的原理和实践。
Whatisacorpus?Whatacorpuscando？FactorsinacorpusThecriteriaforselectionoftextsforcorporaTypesofcorporaSpecializedcorpora:usefulforEnglishforspecificpurposes.Ifweneedfindoutwhatlanguageisusedinacertainprofession,thenweselecttextsfromthatprofession.
Samplecorpora:classificationofgenres;alargenumberofshortextracts;randomselectionofextractswithingenres;greatinternalvalidity内部有效性.
Monitorcorpora:gigantic,evermovingstoresoftext.Ithasthecapacitytoholda‘stateofthelanguage’forresearchpurposes.Whatusescanwemakeofcorpora?Contextandco-textinformation

Context:situationalenvironments
Co-text:linguisticenvironments

Sometimesitisverydifficulttotellthedifferencesoftwowordsorphraseswhichhavesimilarmeaning.However,ifwelookatthecontextandco-textinwhichtheyareused,thedifferencebecomesclear.Grammarinformation

weusuallyrefertogrammarbooksforgrammaticalinformation.However,whatthecorporashowisfarmorecomplicatedthanwhatgrammarbookstellaboutgrammar.

e.g.InformationfromcorporahasshownthatconditionalsinEnglisharefarmorethan3
Collocationandphraseology措辞information

Itisusuallydifficultforsecondandforeignlanguagelearnerstolearnwhichwordsarefrequentlyusedtogether.So,thiskindofinformationhelpsalot.

e.g.makeeffortortakeeffort?Asearchincorpuswilldothejob.

Pragmatics语用学information

Informationfromcorporacantellushowlanguageisactuallyusedincommunication.Howcanwemakeuseofcorpora?ThefunctionofconcordanceTypesofcorpusresearchersThefirstgroupofresearchersconsistsofcorpusmakersorcompilers[kəm'pailə]编译器.

Thesescholarsareconcernedwiththedesignandcompilationofcorpora,thecollectionoftextsandtheirpreparationandstorageforlateranalysis.
Asecondgroupofresearchershasbeenconcernedwithdevelopingtoolsfortheanalysisofcorpora.

Thisisthemaintaskofresearchersincomputationallinguistics.
Athirdgroupofresearchersc