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变压吸附气体分离技术领跑者.docx

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变压吸附气体分离技术领跑者 Introduction Gasseparationtechniqueshavebeenincreasinglyindemandduetotheriseinenvironmentalpollutionandtheneedforpuregasesinvariousindustriessuchaspetrochemicals,biopharmaceuticals,andelectronics.Oneofthemostpopularandeffectivegasseparationtechniquesispressureswingadsorption(PSA).Thistechniqueinvolvestheuseofsolidadsorbentstoselectivelyseparategasesbasedontheirsizeandaffinitytowardstheadsorbentsurface.ThedevelopmentofdifferentadsorbentsandtheoptimizationofthePSAprocesshaveledtoitswidespreaduseinvariousindustrialapplications.Inthispaper,wewilldiscussthehistory,principle,andrecentdevelopmentsinthePSAprocess,withafocusontheleadingadsorbenttechnology,namely,thevariablepressureadsorption(VPSA)process. History Theconceptofadsorptionhasbeenknownformanyyears,withprimitivefiltersbeingusedtoseparategasesbyadsorption.However,itwasnotuntiltheearly1960sthatthefirstcommercialPSAunitwasdeveloped,whichusedactivatedcarbonastheadsorbent.Thiswasprimarilyusedintheproductionofoxygenfromair.Inthefollowingdecades,theuseofPSAexpandedtoothergasessuchashydrogen,nitrogen,argon,andhelium.Withtheadvancesintechnology,newadsorbentssuchaszeolites,silicagels,andcarbonmolecularsievesweredeveloped,whichgreatlyexpandedtherangeofgasesthatcouldbeseparatedbyPSA. Principle ThePSAprocessworksontheprincipleofselectiveadsorption,basedontheaffinityofthegasmoleculetowardstheadsorbentsurface.Theprocessinvolvestwophases:adsorptionanddesorption.Duringtheadsorptionphase,thegasmixtureisintroducedintoapressurizedvesselcontainingtheadsorbentmaterial.Thegasmoleculeswithahigheraffinitytowardstheadsorbentsurfaceareselectivelyadsorbed,whilethosewithaloweraffinityareallowedtopassthrough.Theadsorptionphasecontinuesuntiltheadsorbentbedissaturated,atwhichpointthevalvebetweenthefeedandproductstreamisswitched,andthedesorptionphasebegins. Duringthedesorptionphase,thepressureisreduced,whichcausestheadsorbedgasmoleculestodesorbfromtheadsorbentsurfaceandflowoutofthebed.Thedesorptionphaseiscontinueduntiltheadsorbentbe