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Klotho通过调控巨噬细胞极化延缓心脏衰老的作用及机制研究 Title:TheRoleandMechanismsofKlothoinDelayingCardiacAgingthroughRegulationofMacrophagePolarization Abstract: Agingisacomplexbiologicalprocesscharacterizedbythegradualdeclineofphysiologicalfunctions,whichsignificantlyaffectsmultipleorgansystemsinthebody,includingtheheart.Cardiovasculardiseasesaretheleadingcauseofmortalityintheelderlypopulation,highlightingtheimportanceofunderstandingthemechanismsleadingtocardiacagingandidentifyingpotentialinterventions.Macrophagesplayanessentialroleininflammationandtissueremodeling,makingthemakeyplayerintheagingprocess.RecentstudieshaveimplicatedKlotho,ananti-agingprotein,inregulatingmacrophagepolarizationandcardiacaging.ThisreviewpaperaimstosummarizecurrentknowledgeregardingtheroleandmechanismsofKlothoindelayingcardiacagingthroughthemodulationofmacrophagepolarization. 1.Introduction: 1.1Overviewofcardiacaging:Age-relatedchangesinthemyocardium,includingincreasedfibrosis,impairedcontractility,anddecreasedregenerativecapacity,contributetocardiacagingandthedevelopmentofcardiovasculardiseases. 1.2Roleofmacrophagesincardiacaging:Macrophagesparticipateincardiacinflammation,tissuerepair,andremodeling,makingthemcentraltothecardiacagingprocess. 2.Klothoandaging: 2.1Klothoasananti-agingprotein:ThediscoveryandcharacteristicsofKlothoasanagingsuppressor. 2.2ExpressionandregulationofKlotho:Tissue-specificexpressionpatternsandfactorsinfluencingKlothoexpression. 2.3Klothodeficiencyandacceleratedaging:TheimpactofKlothodeficiencyonagingandage-relateddiseases. 3.Macrophagepolarizationandcardiacaging: 3.1Macrophagesubtypes:Overviewofmacrophagepolarizationphenotypes(M1andM2)andtheirfunctions. 3.2Macrophagepolarizationincardiacaging:Theroleofmacrophagepolarizationincardiacinflammation,fibrosis,andtissuerepair. 4.MechanismsofKlotho-mediateddelayofcardiacagingthroughmacrophagepolarization: 4.1Klothoandpolarizationmarkers:TheeffectofKlothoonmacrophagepolarizationmarkers. 4.2Klothoandinflammatoryresponse:Theanti-inflammatoryeffec