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HeatTreatingofNickelandNickelAlloysAbstract:Nickelandnickelalloysmaybesubjectedtooneormoreoffiveprincipaltypesofheattreatment,dependingonchemicalcomposition,fabricationrequirementsandintendedservice.Thesemethodsincludeannealing,stressrelieving,stressequalizing,solutiontreatingandagehardening.Nickelandnickelalloysmaybesubjectedtooneormoreoffiveprincipaltypesofheattreatment,dependingonchemicalcomposition,fabricationrequirementsandintendedservice. Thesemethodsinclude: Annealing.Aheattreatmentdesignedtoproducearecrystallizedgrainstructureandsofteninginwork-hardenedalloys.Annealingusuallyrequirestemperaturesbetween705and1205oC,dependingonalloycompositionanddegreeofworkhardening. Stressrelieving.Aheattreatmentusedtoremoveorreducestressesinwork-hardenednon-age-hardenablealloyswithoutproducingarecrystalizedgrainstructure.Stress-relievingtemperaturesfornickelandnickelalloysfrom425to870oC,dependingonalloycompositionanddegreeofworkhardening. Stressequalizing.Alow-temperatureheattreatmentusedtobalancestressesincoldworkedmaterialwithoutanappreciabledecreaseinthemechanicalstrengthproducedbycoldworking. Solutiontreating.Ahigh-temperatureheattreatmentdesignedtoputage-hardeningconstituentsandcarbidesintosolidsolution.Normallyappliedtoage-hardenablematerialsbeforetheagingtreatment. Agehardening(precipitationhardening).Atreatmentperformedatintermediatetemperatures(425to870oC)oncertainalloysinordertodevelopmaximumstrengthbyprecipitationofadispersedphasethroughoutthematrix. Annealing Asappliedtonickelandnickelalloys,annealingconsistsofheatingthemetalatapredeterminedtemperatureforadefinitetimeandthenslowlyorrapidlycoolingit,toproduceachangeinmechanicalproperties-usuallyacompletesofteningasaresultofrecrystalization. Nickelandnickelalloysthathavebeenhardenedbycoldworkingoperations,suchasrolling,deepdrawing,spinningorseverebending,requiresofteningbeforecoldworkingcanbecontinued.Thethermaltreatmentthatwillproducethisconditionisknownasannealing,orsoftannealing. Thedifferencesinchemicalcomposi