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基于FPGA的UART接口设计与实现.docx

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基于FPGA的UART接口设计与实现 Introduction AUART(UniversalAsynchronousReceiverTransmitter)interfaceisahardwarecomponentthatallowscommunicationbetweenacomputerandexternaldevicesusingserialdatatransmission.UARTinterfacescanbefoundinmanyelectronicdevices,suchasmicrocontrollers,modems,andGPSmodules.Inthispaper,wewilldiscussthedesignandimplementationofaUARTinterfaceusingFPGA(FieldProgrammableGateArray)technology. DesignoftheUARTInterface TheUARTinterfaceconsistsoftwobasiccomponents:atransmitterandareceiver.Thetransmittertakesparalleldatafromthecomputerandconvertsitintoaserialstreamofdatathatcanbetransmittedoverasinglewire.Thereceivertakesserialdatafromthewireandconvertsitbackintoparalleldatathatthecomputercanuse. ThedesignofaUARTinterfacecanbebrokendownintofourfunctionalblocks:baudrategenerator,transmitter,receiver,andcontrollogic. BaudRateGenerator Thebaudrategeneratorisresponsibleforgeneratingtheclocksignalthatdeterminestherateatwhichdataistransmittedandreceived.ThedesiredbaudratecanbesetbyauserorprogrammedintotheFPGA.ThebaudrategeneratorcalculatestheclocksignalbasedonthedesiredbaudrateandthefrequencyoftheFPGAclock. Transmitter Thetransmittertakesparalleldatafromthecomputerandconvertsitintoaserialstreamofdatathatcanbetransmittedoverasinglewire.Thetransmitterfirstsendsastartbit,whichisasynchronizationsignalthatindicatesthestartofadatatransmission.Thetransmitterthensendsthedatainaserialfashion,withafixednumberofbitspercharacter(usually8bits).Finally,thetransmittersendsastopbit,whichisalsoasynchronizationsignalthatindicatestheendofadatatransmission. Receiver Thereceivertakesserialdatafromthewireandconvertsitbackintoparalleldatathatthecomputercanuse.Thereceiverfirstdetectsthestartbitandthensamplestheincomingdataatthecenterofeachbitinterval.Thereceiverthendecodesthedataandsendsittothecomputer. ControlLogic ThecontrollogicactsastheinterfacebetweenthecomputerandtheUART.ItcontrolstheflowofdatabetweentheUARTandthecomputer,anditalsomanageserrordetectionandcorrection.Thecontrollogicalsomana