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P257 1.Donoghuev.Stevenson[1932]AC562 (HL),decidedin1932,thathadsimilarfactsonlyinvolvinggingerbeerinsteadoflemonade.Whensummingup,thejudgeconcludedthat:Youmusttakereasonablecaretoavoidactsoromissionswhichyoureasonablyforeseewouldbeelikelytoinjureyourneighbour...personswharesocloselyanddirectlyaffectedbymyactthatIoughtreasonablyhavetheminmycontemplationasbeingsoaffectedwhenIamdirectingmymindtotheactsoromissionswhicharecalledintoquestion.Thiscasecreated"theneighbourprinciple",whichwouldbefollowedifLindasuedthemanufacturer,asthefactsofhercaseareverysimilar. 2BourhillvYoung[1943]A.C.92 Held: thatthedutyofthemotorcyclistonthepublicroadtootherpersonsusingitwastodrivewithsuchreasonablecareaswouldavoidtheriskofinjury(includinginjurybyshockalthoughnodirectimpactoccurred)tosuchpersonsashecouldreasonablyforeseemightbeinjuredbyhisfailuretoexercisethatcare; thattheappellantwasnotwithintheareaofpotentialdangerarisingastheresultofhisnegligence,and,accordingly,heowednodutytoherandwasnotguiltyofnegligenceinrelationtoher. P258 3HaleyvLondonElectricityBoard[1964]2Q.B.121 HeldbytheAppellateCourt:HisactionclaimingfornegligencewasdismissedbyMarshallJ.,whoheldthatthedefendantshadnotbeenguiltyofnegligenceasfollow. Thequestionhereiswhethertheseworksconstitutedadangertopedestriansonthehighway.Thequestioniswhetheritwasadangertothepublicatlargejudgedbythestandardsofthenormalman.Thedefendantsowednospecialdutytoablindman.Aclothes-horsetypeofguardgiveswarningtoasightedpersonandisallthatisrequired,althoughitwouldbenoprotectiontoablindperson.Thequestionofcontributorynegligencewouldonlyariseiftherehadbeennegligence.Herethedefendantswerenotnegligence.HeldbytheHouseofLord:Thepossibilityofablindpersonwalkingthroughthatpathwasverylikely,sothedefendantshouldhaveforeseeit.Thepreventionoftheinjurywouldhavebeencheaperthantheinjury.LordReidofHouseofLordssaid:“Oneisentitledtoexpectofablindpersonahighdegreeofskillandcarebecausenonebutthemostfoolhardywouldventureoutalonewithouthavingthatskillandexercisingthat