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多级轴流压气机失速特性分析 Introduction Axialcompressorsareoneofthemostcommontypesofcompressorsusedforgasturbineengines.Thesecompressorsprovidehighpressureairtothecombustionchamberwhichisthenmixedwithfuelandburnedtogeneratehotgasesthatdrivetheturbineandproducethrust.Theperformanceofaxialcompressorsiscriticalfortheoverallefficiencyandreliabilityofthegasturbineengine.Oneofthemajorchallengesintheoperationofaxialcompressorsistheoccurrenceofflowinstabilityorstall.Thisphenomenonlimitstheoperatingrangeofthecompressor,reducestheefficiency,andmayleadtoaerodynamicinstabilitiesanddamagetotheblades.Thepurposeofthispaperistopresentananalysisofthestallcharacteristicsofmultistageaxialcompressorsanddiscussthefactorsthataffectthestallmarginandthestabilityoftheflow. StallPhenomenoninAxialCompressors Stallisadynamicinstabilityinwhichtheflowseparatesfromthebladesandcreatesalowpressurezonethatreducestheflowrateandthepressureriseacrossthecompressor.Thisresultsinasignificantreductionintheefficiencyandmaycauseasurgeoracompletebreakdownoftheflow.Theonsetofstallisdeterminedbytheaerodynamiccharacteristicsofthecompressor,theoperatingconditions,andtheflowdisturbances.Thestallmarginisdefinedastheratiooftheactualoperatingpointtothesurgelineonthecompressormap.Figure1showsatypicalcompressormapwiththesurgelineandthesurgeandstallboundaries. Figure1.Compressormapwithsurgeandstallboundaries Thestallphenomenoninaxialcompressorsisgovernedbytheinteractionbetweentheflowandtheblades.Theflowthroughthecompressorishighlythree-dimensional,unsteady,andturbulent.Thecentrifugalforcegeneratedbytherotorbladescausesaradialpressuregradientthatdrivestheflowtowardsthebladetips.Thestatorbladesservetodiffusetheflow,reducethevelocity,andincreasethepressure.Thebladerowscreatewakesandvorticesthatinteractwiththeincomingflowandaffectthebladeloadingandtheflowangle.Theflowdistortioncausedbythewakescantriggerthestallphenomenonbyreducingtheeffectiveincidenceangleorincreasingtheflowseparation. StallCharacteristicsinMultistageAxialCompressors Mu