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紫外与荧光光谱在蛋白质结构研究中的应用利用分光光度法测定大分子溶液状态下的构象,其原理是利用环境对生物大分子生色基团的微扰而使吸收峰值的位置、强度和带宽发生变化,如利用溶剂、pH、温度、浓度等的微扰,使蛋白分子的酪氨酸的吸收峰发生变化,从而推断这些生色基团在大分子中的位置和状态。 Tyrosine(酪氨酸) Roleinstructure:partiallyhydrophobic,Tyrpreferstobeburiedinproteinhydrophobiccores.Tyrinvolvedinstackingwithotheraromaticside-chains.Roleinstructure:Beinghydrophobic,itpreferstobeburiedinproteinhydrophobiccores.ThearomaticsidechaincanalsomeanthatTryptophanisinvolvedinstackinginteractionswithotheraromaticside-chains.Phenylalanine(苯丙氨酸) Roleinstructure:Beinghydrophobic,Phenylalaninepreferstobeburiedinproteinhydrophobiccores.ThearomaticsidechaincanalsomeanthatPhenyalanineisinvolvedinstackinginteractionswithotheraromaticside-chains.Ingeneral Inparticular,hydrophobicaminoacidscanbeinvolvedinbinding/recognitionofhydrophobicligandssuchaslipids.Aromaticresiduescanalsobeinvolvedininteractionswithnon-proteinligandsthatthemselvescontainaromaticgroupsviastackinginteractions.紫外/可见光谱在蛋白质研究中的应用蛋白质中氨基酸的紫外吸收光谱蛋白质构象变化研究蛋白质折叠/变性研究2荧光的基本原理OverviewofExcitationandEmissionFundamentalsEmissionspectrum-excitationλconstant,measurefluorescenceintensityofemissionagainstλ,I.e.spectrumofemittedlight. Excitationspectrum–measurefluorescenceintensityatdifferentexcitationλ,similartoabsorptionspectra.AllfluorescenceofaproteinisduetoTrp,TyrorPhe,unlessitcontainsanextrinsicfluororfluorescentco-factor. Trpisthedominantintrinsicfluorophoreinproteins.Trpfluorescenceisverysensitivetoitslocalenvironment ThemaxofTrpshiftstoshorterwavelengths&theintensityofmaxincreasesasthepolarityofthesolventdecreases.Ifaquencher(iodide,nitrateions)quenchesTrpfluorescenceitmustbeonthesurfaceoftheprotein.Failuretodosomeansitseitherinternal,inasmallcrevice(裂缝),orinahighlychargedregion.Ca-parvalbumin(小清蛋白):tryptophanisburied,305nmTyrfluorescenceFluorescenceQuenchingIntramolecularquenchingExternalquenchingPropertiesoftheactivesiteofanenzymeTheadditionofthesubstrateshiftsmaxtoshorterwavelengths&increasesQ.TheshiftinmaxindicatesthattheTrpisinalesspolarenvironment.Thiscould