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低渗透油藏渗流机理及开发技术.docx

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低渗透油藏渗流机理及开发技术 Abstract Low-permeabilityreservoirs(LPRs)arewidelydistributed,andthedevelopmentandproductionofthesereservoirsinvolveuniquefluidflowmechanismsandtechnicalchallenges.Inthispaper,weexplorethefluidflowmechanismsofLPRs,includingtheimpactofheterogeneityandisotropyonfluidflowbehavior,theflowcharacteristicsofdifferentfluids,andtheimpactofconfiningpressureonfluidflowbehavior.WealsodiscussthedevelopmenttechniquesusedinLPRs,suchashorizontaldrilling,hydraulicfracturing,andEORmethods.ThepaperhighlightstheimportanceofLPRsinmeetingfutureenergydemandsandtheirpotentialforincreasedproductionthroughbetterunderstandingoffluidflowmechanicsanddevelopmenttechniques. Introduction Low-permeabilityreservoirs(LPRs)areundergroundformationsthathavetightporethroatsandlowpermeability,whichmakeitdifficultforhydrocarbonstoflowthroughtherock.LPRsrequirespecializeddrillingandcompletiontechniquestoextracthydrocarbons,whichcanbechallengingandexpensive.ThedevelopmentofLPRsrequiresathoroughunderstandingoffluidflowmechanismsandtheuseofappropriatedevelopmenttechniques.Inthispaper,wediscussthefluidflowmechanismsofLPRsandthedevelopmenttechniquesusedtoextracthydrocarbonsfromtheseformations. FluidFlowMechanismsofLow-PermeabilityReservoirs FluidflowmechanismsinLPRsarecharacterizedbytheflowofliquidsandgasesthroughanetworkofinterconnectedporespacesintherock.Thefluidflowbehaviorisinfluencedbythereservoirproperties,suchaspermeability,porosity,heterogeneity,andisotropy.Thefollowingsectionsdiscusstheimpactofheterogeneityandisotropyonfluidflowbehavior,theflowcharacteristicsofdifferentfluids,andtheimpactofconfiningpressureonfluidflowbehavior. ImpactofHeterogeneityandIsotropyonFluidFlowBehavior Heterogeneityisthevariationofpermeabilityandporositywithinareservoir,whileisotropyreferstotheuniformityofreservoirpropertiesinalldirections.Theflowbehaviorofafluidinaheterogeneousreservoirismorecomplexthaninanisotropicreservoirduetothepresenceofpreferentialflowpaths.Thepreferentialflowpathsarecreatedbyareasofhighpo