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重铬酸钾法测定水中化学需氧量的测量不确定度分析.docx

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重铬酸钾法测定水中化学需氧量的测量不确定度分析 Title:UncertaintyAnalysisofPotassiumDichromateMethodfortheDeterminationofChemicalOxygenDemandinWater Abstract: Themeasurementofchemicaloxygendemand(COD)inwaterisanessentialparameterinassessingwaterquality.SeveralmethodsareavailabletodetermineCOD,andonecommonlyusedtechniqueisthepotassiumdichromatemethod.However,allanalyticalmethodsaresubjecttomeasurementuncertainties.ThispaperaimstoanalyzetheuncertaintyassociatedwiththepotassiumdichromatemethodforCODdeterminationinwater.Acomprehensiveuncertaintyanalysisisconductedtoidentifyandquantifythevarioussourcesofuncertainty,includingthosearisingfrompre-analytical,analytical,andpost-analyticalfactors.TheresultsofthisstudyprovideinsightintothereliabilityofthepotassiumdichromatemethodforCODmeasurementandcontributetoimprovingtheaccuracyandprecisionofwaterqualityanalysis. Introduction: Thedeterminationofchemicaloxygendemand(COD)servesasavitaltoolinmonitoringwaterquality,evaluatingtheeffectivenessofwatertreatmentprocesses,andassessingthepotentialriskstoaquaticlife.AmongthemultipletechniquesavailableforCODmeasurement,thepotassiumdichromatemethodiswidelyadoptedduetoitssimplicity,cost-effectiveness,andgeneralapplicability.However,likeanyanalyticalmethod,thepotassiumdichromatemethodissubjecttomeasurementuncertaintiesthatmustberigorouslyevaluatedtoensureaccurateandreliableresults.ThispaperaimstoanalyzetheuncertaintyassociatedwiththepotassiumdichromatemethodforCODdeterminationinwater. Methods: Uncertaintyanalysisinvolvestheidentificationandexaminationofvarioussourcesofuncertaintyandtheircontributionstothefinalmeasurementuncertainty.Theuncertaintyanalysisforthepotassiumdichromatemethodincludesevaluationofuncertaintiesfrompre-analyticalfactors,analyticalfactors,andpost-analyticalfactors. Pre-analyticalUncertainties: Pre-analyticaluncertaintiesincludeerrorsarisingfromsamplecollection,preservation,storage,andtransportation.Factorssuchassamplingtechniques,variationinsampletemperatureduringtransportation,andsamplecontami