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渐变折射率多模光纤锁模技术的研究现状与展望（特邀）（英文）.docx

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渐变折射率多模光纤锁模技术的研究现状与展望（特邀）（英文） ResearchStatusandProspectsofGraded-IndexMultimodeFiberMode-LockingTechniques Abstract: Multimodefiber(MMF)mode-lockingtechniqueshavegainedsignificantattentioninrecentyearsduetotheirpromisingapplicationsinultrafastlasers.Graded-indexmultimodefibers(GI-MMFs)withatailoredrefractiveindexprofileoffersuperiorperformanceinmode-locking,enablingthegenerationofhighlystableandcoherentopticalpulses.Inthispaper,wereviewthecurrentresearchstatusofGI-MMFmode-lockingtechniques,includingtheirfundamentalprinciples,recentadvancements,andchallenges.Wealsoprovideanoutlookonthefutureprospectsofthisfield. 1.Introduction Ultrafastlasersarewidelyusedinvariousscientificandtechnologicalapplications,suchasmaterialprocessing,spectroscopy,andimaging.Traditionally,mode-lockingtechniquesrelyonsingle-modefibers(SMFs),whichhaveasimplestructureandarerelativelyeasytofabricate.However,SMF-basedmode-lockinglaserssufferfromlimitationsintermsofpowerscalingandpulseenergyduetononlineareffects.Incontrast,MMF-basedmode-lockinglasersofferthepotentialtoovercometheselimitationsbycombiningtheadvantagesofalargemodeareaandashortlength. 2.Graded-IndexMultimodeFibers Graded-indexmultimodefibers(GI-MMFs)exhibitacontinuouslychangingrefractiveindexprofile,allowingforthedispersionandnonlineareffectstobeeffectivelymanaged.Thisuniquestructureenablesthegenerationofhigh-qualityultrashortpulseswithexcellentbeamquality.Varioustechniques,suchasvaporphaseaxialdeposition(VAD)andmodifiedchemicalvapordeposition(MCVD),havebeendevelopedforfabricatingGI-MMFswithprecisecontrolovertherefractiveindexprofile. 3.Mode-LockingTechniquesinGI-MMFs Severalmode-lockingtechniqueshavebeenproposedanddemonstratedinGI-MMFs,includingspatialmodelocking,nonlinearpolarizationrotation,andsolitonformation.Spatialmodelockingutilizesthetransversespatialmodesofthefibertogenerateultrashortpulseswithlowspatialandtemporalcoherence.Nonlinearpolarizationrotationexploitsthebirefringencepropertiesofthefibertoachievestablemode-lockingoper