氧化石墨烯及其复合材料的制备与表征.docx

氧化石墨烯及其复合材料的制备与表征
摘要：
石墨烯是一种开创性的材料，以其出色的力学、电学、热学和光学性能备受关注。氧化石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的复合材料被广泛研究，因其在化学、生物和材料科学中的重要应用。本文综述了氧化石墨烯及其复合材料的制备方法和表征技术，包括氧化石墨烯的化学还原和热还原，氧化石墨烯的化学修饰和复合材料的制备方法，如热压成型、涂覆、溶剂浸渍等。此外，亦介绍了常用的表征手段，如透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、热重分析等。
关键词：石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、复合材料、制备方法、表征技术
Introduction
Graphene,atwo-dimensionalmaterialcomposedofsp2hybridizedcarbonatoms,hasoutstandingmechanical,electrical,thermal,andopticalproperties.Duetoitsuniqueproperties,graphenehasbeenwidelystudiedinvariousfields,suchaschemistry,physics,materialsscience,andbiology.However,thescalabilityandstabilityofgraphenearestillchallengesforitspracticalapplications.Onepromisingsolutiontoovercomethesechallengesistheuseofgrapheneoxide(GO)anditscomposites,asGOisreadilyavailableandhasbettersolubilityandstabilityinvarioussolvents.GOcanbeeasilyreducedtographenewiththerecoveryofπ-conjugationandothergrapheneproperties.
Preparationmethodsofgrapheneoxide
Variousmethodshavebeendevelopedforthepreparationofgrapheneoxide,suchastheHummersmethod,Staudenmaiermethod,Brodiemethod,andTourmethod.Amongthem,theHummersmethodanditsmodificationsarethemostwidelyusedmethodsforthepreparationofGO.TheHummersmethodinvolvestheoxidationofgraphitewithamixtureofstrongacidsandoxidants,followedbyrepeatedwashingandfiltrationsteps.Theoxidationofgraphitecanbecontrolledbyadjustingthereactionconditions,suchastheratioofthereagents,reactiontime,andtemperature.TheresultantGOhasoxygen-containingfunctionalgroups,suchashydroxyl,carboxyl,andepoxygroups,onitsbasalandedgeplanes.
Reductionmethodsofgrapheneoxide
ThereductionofGOcanbeachievedbyvariousmethods,suchaschemicalreduction,thermalreduction,electrochemicalreduction,andphoto-reduction.ChemicalreductionisthemostcommonlyusedmethodforthereductionofGO,whichinvolvestheadditionofreducingagents,suchashydrazine,sodiumborohydride,andhydrogengas,totheGOsuspension.ThereductionofGOcanrecovertheπ-conjugationandothergrapheneproperties,suchashighelectricalconductivityandhydrophobicnature.However,chemicalreductioncanleaveresidualfunctionalgr