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天然化合物对成体神经干细胞和神经发生的调控与作用机制.docx

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天然化合物对成体神经干细胞和神经发生的调控与作用机制 Title:TheRegulatoryandMechanisticEffectsofNaturalCompoundsonAdultNeuralStemCellsandNeurogenesis Abstract: Neurogenesisisacomplexprocessinvolvingthegeneration,migration,differentiation,andintegrationofnewneuronsintheadultbrain.Itplaysacrucialroleinneuralplasticity,learning,andmemory.Adultneuralstemcells(NSCs)areresponsibleformaintainingthisprocessthroughoutlife.Theregulationofadultneurogenesishasgainedconsiderableattentionduetoitspotentialimplicationsinneurologicaldisordersandcognitivedecline.Naturalcompounds,derivedfromvariousplantandanimalsources,haveshownsignificanteffectsonNSCsandneurogenesis.ThisreviewaimstosummarizeandcriticallyevaluatethecurrentknowledgeregardingtheregulatoryandmechanisticeffectsofnaturalcompoundsonadultNSCsandneurogenesis. Introduction: Neurogenesisintheadultbrainisahighlyregulatedanddynamicprocess,involvingtheproliferationanddifferentiationofNSCsintoneurons.Thediscoveryofadultneurogenesishaschallengedthepreviouslyheldnotionthatneurogenesisonlyoccursduringdevelopment.Understandingtheregulatorymechanismscontrollingadultneurogenesisisofgreatimportancefortherapeuticstrategiesaimingtoenhanceneurorepairandcognitivefunctioninneurologicaldisorders. RoleofAdultNeuralStemCellsinNeurogenesis: AdultNSCsareself-renewing,multipotentcellsresidinginspecificneurogenicnichesinthebrain,suchasthesubventricularzone(SVZ)andthesubgranularzone(SGZ)ofthehippocampus.Thesestemcellsgiverisetoprogenitorcellsthateitherdifferentiateintomatureneuronsorastrocytes.RegulationofNSC'sproliferation,differentiation,andsurvivalarekeydeterminantsoftheneurogenicprocess. NaturalCompoundsandtheirEffectsonAdultNeuralStemCellsandNeurogenesis: 1.Phytochemicals: Phytochemicals,prevalentinplant-basedfoods,exhibitabroadrangeofbiologicalactivities.Severalphytochemicals,suchascurcumin,resveratrol,andflavonoids,havebeenshowntoexertpositiveeffectsonNSCsandneurogenesis.Thesecompoundsmodulatetheexpressionofgrowthfactors,signalingpathways,andtranscriptionfactorsinvolvedi