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国际海上货物运输承运人责任期间问题研究.docx

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国际海上货物运输承运人责任期间问题研究 摘要： 国际海上货物运输是国际贸易中不可或缺的一部分，承运人的责任期间是该领域研究的核心问题之一。本文首先介绍了国际海上货物运输的背景和重要性，然后系统阐述了承运人责任期间的相关法律规定，包括海商法、汉堡规则和联合国国际货物销售合同公约等。接着，分析了承运人责任期间的重要影响因素，包括运输方式、运输工具和货物类别等。最后，本文总结了承运人责任期间问题的研究现状、存在问题和未来发展趋势，并提出了相应的建议。 关键词：国际海上货物运输；承运人责任期间；法律规定；影响因素；发展趋势 Introduction Internationalmaritimetransportationofgoodsisanessentialpartofinternationaltrade.Thecarriageofgoodsbyseainvolvesvariousrisksanduncertainties,andthecarrier’sliabilityperiodisacriticalissuethataffectsthecargoowner’sinterests.Theresponsibilityperiodofthecarrierisakeyissueinthelegalframeworkofinternationalmaritimetransportation.Itreferstotheperiodduringwhichthecarrierisliableforanylossordamagetogoodsthatoccurduringthetransportationprocess.Thispaperaimstoexplorethelegalregulations,influentialfactors,currentresearchstatus,problems,andfuturedevelopmenttrendsofthecarrier’sliabilityperiodininternationalmaritimetransportation. LegalRegulationsoftheCarrier’sLiabilityPeriod Thelegalregulationsofthecarrier’sliabilityperiodininternationalmaritimetransportationarecomplicatedanddiverse.TheHagueRules,theHague-VisbyRules,theHamburgRules,andtheRotterdamRulesarethefourmaininternationalconventions,whichregulatethecarrier’sliabilityperiodininternationalmaritimetransportation. TheHagueRules,whichwereadoptedin1924,establishedthegeneralliabilityofthecarrierforlossordamagetogoodsduringthetransportationperiod.TheHague-VisbyRules,adoptedin1968,containmoredetailedprovisionsontheliabilityofthecarrier,andthecarrier'sresponsibilityperiodwaslimitedtotheperiodwhenthegoodswereinthecarrier'scustody.TheHamburgRulesadoptedin1978,expandedthescopeofthecarrier’sliability,butalsolimitedthecarrier’sliability,andincludedtheperiodofthecargobeingloadedontoandunloadedfromthecarrier.TheRotterdamRules,adoptedin2009,furtherexpandedthescopeofthecarrier’sliabilityandintroducedamandatorytimelimitationonthecarrier'sresponsibilityperiod.Differentconventionshavedifferentscopesandlevelsofliabilities,andcountriescanchoosetoadoptoneormoreofthem. Inaddition