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分子标记辅助选择改良R1813的稻瘟病、白叶枯病和褐飞虱抗性.docx

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分子标记辅助选择改良R1813的稻瘟病、白叶枯病和褐飞虱抗性 Title:MolecularMarker-AssistedSelectiveImprovementofRiceResistanceAgainstBlast,SheathBlight,andBrownPlanthopper Introduction: Rice(OryzasativaL.)isoneofthemostimportantstaplecropsglobally,providingasignificantproportionofdietarycaloriestoalargepopulation.However,riceproductionisconstantlythreatenedbyvariousdiseases,includingblastcausedbyMagnaportheoryzae,sheathblightcausedbyRhizoctoniasolani,andbrownplanthopper(Nilaparvatalugens)infestation.Thesediseasesandpestscollectivelyleadtosubstantialyieldlossesandposesignificantchallengestoriceproduction.Traditionalbreedingapproachesfordevelopingresistantricevarietiesaretime-consumingandlabor-intensive.Molecularmarker-assistedselection(MAS)providesanefficientandpreciseapproachfortheidentificationandincorporationofdiseaseresistancegenesintoelitericecultivars. MethodsandStrategiesforMarker-AssistedSelection: 1.UnderstandingtheGeneticBasisofResistance: Toeffectivelyimprovericeresistanceagainstblast,sheathblight,andbrownplanthopper,itisessentialtofirstunderstandthegeneticbasisofresistance.Molecularstudieshaveidentifiedseveralresistancegenesandquantitativetraitloci(QTL)associatedwiththesediseases.Thesegenesandmarkersserveasthefoundationformarker-assistedselection. 2.Genome-WideAssociationStudies(GWAS): GWAScanbeusedtoidentifymarkersassociatedwithdiseaseresistancebyexaminingthegeneticvariationpresentacrossadiversepanelofricecultivars.Thesemarker-traitassociationscanfacilitatethedevelopmentoffunctionalmarkersthatcanbeusedforMAS. 3.MarkerDevelopment: Oncethemarkersassociatedwithresistanceareidentified,specificmarkersystemscanbeemployedforMAS.Commonlyusedmarkersystemsincludesimplesequencerepeat(SSR)markers,singlenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNPs),andinsertion-deletion(InDel)markers.Thesemarkerscanbeeasilyandcost-effectivelyscreenedacrossalargenumberofriceplants. 4.Marker-AssistedBackcrossing(MAB): MABisawidelyusedstrategythatinvolvesincorporatingdesiredresistancegenesintoelitericecultivarsthroughrepeatedbackc